[Pattern Art] Dharma yuddha — Quantum Theory & the Dialectic

An example of dharmayuddha is the Kurukshetra War from the Indian epic poem Mahabharata, where two groups of cousins, the Kauravas and Pandavas fight for the throne of Hastipura in the Indian kingdom of Kuru. Completed around the 4th century, the Mahabharata is considered the longest poem ever written, with about 1.8 million words in total, and the Kurukshetra War is a central section of the account, forming over a quarter of the entire poem.

The entire story of the war is incredibly long and complicated and spanned 18 days and I really wish I could digest it but anyway what I could process was how the dharmayuddha was carried out in the war. Rules were set for both the Kauravas and Pandavas to follow, which generally follows:

  1. Fighting must begin no earlier than sunrise and end exactly at sunset.
  2. No more than one warrior may attack a single warrior.
  3. Two warriors may “duel”, or engage in prolonged personal combat, only if they carry the same weapons and they are on the same type of mount (on foot, on a horse, on an elephant, or in a chariot).
  4. No warrior may kill or injure:
    • a warrior who has surrendered.
    • an unarmed warrior.
    • an unconscious warrior.
    • a person or animal not taking part in the war.
    • a warrior whose back is turned away.
    • A woman, farmer or prisoners of war, who are considered sacred.
    • No warrior may strike an animal not considered a direct threat.
  5. The rules specific to each weapon must be followed. For example, it is prohibited to strike below the waist in mace warfare.
  6. Warriors may not engage in any unfair warfare.

The rules were flouted soon after the death of Bhishma, a prominent warrior on the side of the Kauravas. On the 13th day, Abhimanyu was killed with a strike to the back to the head, which was illegal. I thought it was an interesting parallel to the idea of how classical physics has defined rules that constrained what could happen in the macro world, but these rules are defiantly flouted in the quantum world, tainting our perception of what is possible.

I thought it would be interesting to create a tapestry of sorts with the constraints of these rules of battle in place within the motifs, with the opposing sides

The Kauravas and Pandavas meet for battle. Opaque watercolor heightened with gold on paper image 9 3/4 by 15 3/4 in. (24.8 by 40 cm) folio 10 5/8 by 16 1/2 in. (27 by 42 cm) circa 1700, India, Mewar
Motifs
  • Weapons
    • Bows
    • Maces
    • Swords
    • Lances
    • Darts
  • Battle animals
    • Elephants
    • Horses
  • Chariots
  • Warriors
  • Parasols
  • Flags

[Pattern Art] Quantum Theory Research +Mooodboards

Quantum Theory

RESEARCH

I started off with trying to get a grasp on various theories in QT: Quantum entanglement, cause and effect, the double-slit experiment, wave-particle duality, the Observer effect, etc. Here’s a small mind-map I made because drawing and writing things allows me to condense and understand information better on my own terms:

While everything was fascinating and all that, I felt that all the effect boiled down to the essence of superposition: when a particle can only be defined as being in more than one place at the same time, and how its location can only be determined the instant it is measured. Before quantum measurement, the particle seems to exist in a limbo: the greyness of the area between two existences.


 CONCEPT ONE: dualistic cosmology

 

Entanglement was a particularly fascinating subject to look up on, because of the unbelievability of the concept of two particles being connected no matter its distance. I mean it all sounds too romantic to be true lol and honestly as someone who doesn’t subscribe to religion, the phenomenon really shook my idea of the impossibilities of the physical world. :-((((

With the mythical nature of this theory, I thus wanted to focus more on translating the dualism presented in entanglement to the dualism that is present in a lot of mythology — like forces of light and dark, good and evil, masculinity and femininity, yin and yang.

Further research into a concept known as the Hegelian Dialectic showed a theory that was deeply linked to dualism. It proposes that we can only comprehend things that are in polar opposites — for example we can only understand the light when we are aware of the dark, only see things as skinny if we see things that are fat. Therefore, the thesis cannot exist without the antithesis, and the truth of any matter is present only in the synthesis — the grey area in between these polar opposites.

Looking into dualities between good and evil, I chanced upon the Hindu concept of the dharmayuddha — dharma meaning righteousness and yuddha meaning warfare. It is a war fought between two sides for nothing other than righteousness, with rules set for the entire war and absolute symmetric information between the two sides such that the side who prevails is a fair winner. I thought it was really relevant to the idea of duality in mythology and also reflected the ideals of the Hegelian Dialectic, and found Hindu art about it that I thought could serve as great references for motifs.


CONCEPT TWO:TAO TE CHING《道德经》

 

I was reading the Tao Te Ching, a classical Chinese text that is usually attributed to the sage Laozi (老子) from 6th-century BCE. It formed the basis for many religions that came after it, including Taoism and Buddhism, and it seemed to have a connection to quantum theory. Much of the brief alluded to Chapter 2 of the Tao, part of which goes:

“Therefore: What is and what is not create each other. Difficult and easy complement each other. Tall and short shape each other. High and low rest on each other. Voice and tone blend with each other. First and last follow each other.”

This seems to carry the same message as the Hegelian Dialectic that I brought up in the first concept. However, what I found to resonate less clearly but more deeply with what I understood about quantum theory was another chapter, which I have extracted here:

chapter four —
道沖而用之或不盈。
淵兮似萬物之宗。
挫其銳,解其紛,和其光,同其塵。
湛兮似或存。
吾不知誰之子,象帝之先。
The way is empty, yet inexhaustible,
Like an abyss.
It seems to be the origin of all things.
It dulls the sharpness,
Unties the knots,
dims the light,
Becomes one with the dust.
Deeply hidden, as if it might only exist.
I do not know whose child it is.
It seems to precede the ancestor of all.

 

With this chapter came an interpretation of its meaning. It discussed that “The way is empty, yet inexhaustible.” referred to how the Tao (The Way) creates all the colossal grandeur we find in this world, yet is infinitesimal, like the dust.

With no discrimination as to whether it is a mouse or mountain, the Tao attends to all things with equal treatment. And because everything is at their core, made up of the same particles, the smaller a unit is, the closer it is to the Tao.

“And since most things in the world go by unnoticed, the hidden is also closer to the nature of Tao.”

And everything that we do notice, the grand and beautiful, are the powers that endure the least — the sharpest, tightest, and brightest are eventually dulled, unknotted and dimmed — nothing lasts longer than the dust that we are all made of. It is by being unobtrusive that we prevail, and come closer to the Tao.


CONCEPT three: the unfathomably random relationships borne of entanglement

 

“Inside your brain there just might be an electron firing in a neural network that is mysteriously connected to an electron in the egg you are frying for your morning breakfast. Or an electron in a grape growing in the Stellenbosch region of South Africa, or, even, connected to an electron on the other side of the universe. Such is the physics of quantum entanglement.” – Gary Hemmings

This blurb really heightened the elusiveness of entanglement — that we could be mysteriously connected to absolutely anything — any particle in our body (and there are millions of millions within us) could be entangled with anything else in the universe. Like I could throw out literally anything!! A particle within me could have every possibility of being entangled with another particle floating around like in the Berlin Wall, a circuit in the ISS, a drop in the Amazon, a stain on a wall in like Bolivia or something. That’s so asdfjalf!!

With all those random things (that aren’t really that random) it’d be really cool to create a work that was based off a stream of consciousness. There are so many things that flit in and out of our minds that we never register (but maybe its our entangled particles calling out to us HAHAHA). It would make for a really interesting and quirky work hehe.