Category: Graphic Form

Project 2 – Locale Zine: Toa Payoh

This is it! The final project for Graphic Form this semester.

For Project 2, we were required to create a zine based on the allocated locations.

Zine is a “self-published, non-commercial, independent publication” where you can pretty much be experimental in your different ways to express your ideas or message such as through type, illustrations, form, colour and more.

I was allocated the location, Toa Payoh. At the beginning, I was not quite keen on this location as I was unfamiliar with it. Furthermore, the nature of the location did not really spark any sudden ideas for the direction I would like to take for my zine. However, I tried to keep an open mind!

We were first required to present Part I: Site analysis, documentation & Research. 

This allowed us to establish the context, history and uncover stories or architecture of the place, that would help generate for our zines.

I did a pre-site-research before visiting so that I would roughly be able to look out for things as I went along. It allowed me to cover important or iconic areas of the location and be more focused during site visits.

I generated 3 ideas, as stated in the link above:

  1. “The firsts of..”
  2. The Old and New
  3. Freaky Tales

I went back and forth between the 3 ideas as I had several areas of exploration for the three options and was not quite sure which one I wanted to pursue. I felt quite lost for the first couple of weeks as I had a tough time deciding on my creative direction. I wanted to attempt illustration as I knew that it was a weaker area of mine, as compared to photo manipulation.

I ended up deciding to go ahead on Option 3: Freaky Tales of Toa Payoh as I felt like that expressed Toa Payoh quite well when I visited the location. In addition to that, I was genuinely more drawn to and fascinated by the murderous and haunting cases that happened in the area.

Originally, photo manipulation came to mind. However, I realised that with photo manipulation for the horror theme is something that was quite predictable. For instance, the glitch images using RGB channels such as these:

I wanted to try a different direction. I’ve always been interested in Gestalt but never really got around to trying it as my illustrative skills weren’t the best. However, when Ms Mimi showed us images by Noma Bar,

my interest was once again piqued. Of course this stylistic approach demands for critical thinking in design where you are challenged a step further to make universally recognisable associative images and link it to another image metaphorically. Personally, as an aspiring designer, I knew that wasn’t where my capabilities lie as of yet.

During my many attempts,

PHOTOS

After a few consultations with Ms Mimi, I started my illustrations and went for a different stylistic approach. For this particular zine, I did not really have an artist reference. Rather, I developed my illustrations based on what I thought suited the narrative and played around with composition and visual cues.

I felt like my graphic style was drawn from Noma Bar but I adapted it to fit my style.

This zine was particularly challenging for me due to the very fact that I had to create visual cues that would identify with the masses while connecting the images to the narrative and establishing the architecture of Toa Payoh. In addition to that, I did not really have reference images in terms of style so I had to develop my own. In a way, it was kind of like discovery of my style!

However, in reference to the choice of bold colours, I was influenced by Tom Haugomat

Also, I was very used to using muted pastel tones when I illustrate but I decided to go for bolder colours this time around to communicate my ideas.

My  main selected colour scheme:

Font: 

10pt

My narrative: 

Basically, I read up on a lot of paranormal happenings and murder cases in Toa Payoh and wanted to cover many stories but I realised that my zine was only 8 pages and establishing context needs to be done. Therefore, having too many stories may overwhelm the audience.

Therefore, I decided on a narrative where I, as a third person, having a third eye, goes to Toa Payoh to explore and met lost souls where I hear their stories and tell them through the zine.

Consistency — The white colour represents the lost souls.

My process: 

Sketches: PHOTOS

 

Illustration Process: PHOTOS

1st page:

This page was meant to communicate the title, The Third Eye and represent the illustration of me, having this ability.

Development:

The Final Page:

I decided to crop the whole face illustration to just the eyes to communicate the third eye reference. The moon indicates the association of these lost souls who only come out in the dark, at night.

 

2nd - 3rd page:

This page was meant to set the tone and narrative to readers where I establish that me, as a third person, is going to the other side to communicate with the lost souls from the underworld.

I experimented with compositions and used a unique place in Toa Payoh that had a nice contrast against the nature of old buildings in Toa Payoh; Toa Payoh Town Park. The motif that stood out to me there were the hexagonal-shaped border of a pathway.

Photo I took and used of Toa Payoh Town Park:

Development:

The message of this particular page was to relay that I was crossing over to the other side to communicate to the unknown. Some of them did not look like I was actually in motion to reach the other side.  Constructing the composition of this page to deliver the right message was particularly challenging here. As I had to have a balance between the reaching out of the unknown figure and me, as a third person is mutual.

The page next to the above is this one below. I tried to play around with the initials of Toa Payoh (TPY) to fit it into the proportion of the face using typography but I disliked how it looked. Hence, I decided to keep it simple as I wanted the text to stand out in this particular page since it establishes the main context that act as an introduction.

Final spread:

Whilst playing around with layout, I realised that I could communicate the idea of the underworld through the illustration. The underworld is represented as the opaque image where I visibly look smaller compared to the real world depicted below the image above that served as a reflection in lower opacity. I played around with opacity that illustrated the opaque one as the current reality of this zine.

 

4th - 5th page:

This particular page is the recreation of a case that happened back in 2015.

Reference to story:

https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/courts-crime/guilty-as-charged-adrian-lim-and-his-2-holy-wives-kidnapped-tortured-and

Basically, this guy who assumes the job of a medium, kidnapped two kids and tortured, rape and murdered them.

The landscape in this is a graphic illustration of the actual house where this incident happened. I used the shadow man because ‘shadow monster’ is usually associated to the monsters children are afraid of.

Development:
Final spread:

I decided to add a knife that resembles that the man was actually one who is evil and has killed them. The lost souls are represented by the white colour and this was consistent throughout. It also acts as the highlight of the page in which the text, if any, is related to the white figures and it tells their narrative.

 

6th - 7th page:

For this spread, the reference to this story was inspired by:

http://www.hungzai.com/bidadari-cemetary/

In summary, this is a story of a cross-cultural love story that was not accepted. The lady experienced unrequited love where she was rejected by her lover even after moving out of her house to pursue her relationship with him. They moved into Bidadari Cemetery where she was forced into prostitution to fund her boyfriend’s gambling habits. She got pregnant and the guy refused to accept her and the baby. Hence, she committed suicide.

In this image, I was trying to communicate that due to the rejection by her boyfriend, who happens to be the only loved one she had left since she abandoned her family to be with him, the boyfriend not only led to her suicide but also the murder of the baby.  I used visual metaphor to communicate it where the usage of silhouettes and associative representations were used.

The cemetery illustrated in this imagery is also extracted from the real Bidadari cemetery. The challenges in this particular spread was definitely the composition and where I should introduce a highlight to the page without overwhelming it while still highlighting the cemetery as a location. I also still wanted the attention to also be kept on the stories of the souls.

For this particular spread, it was originally just the image of the lady, baby with noose and man’s hand as a whole spread.

But I added other elements as shows below.

Development:
Final Spread:

I decided to introduce a slight textural element to the image with white dots that resemble a starry night as I felt that it looked too plain and didn’t seem interesting enough.

 

8th page:

For this final page, I wanted it to conclude my zine and relay a location through an iconic image.

Therefore, with Ms Mimi’s suggestion, I decided to illustrate myself, seemingly depicted smaller compared to the compiled lost souls that are behind me. There is a spotlight shining but the remain to stay in the shadows which metaphorically also symbolise their inability to be spotted by the average person. Also, I added a shadow that for the illustration of me to symbolise that I am “alive” while the lost souls aren’t. I am also in colour which helps to amplify the latter.

To me, this was probably the most challenging page as I was really struggling with composition. I wanted to showcase the iconic dragon playground to establish the location but could not find the correct proportions.

I also played with distortion through replication and opacity for the dragon playground.

Development:
Final Page:

I actually decided to go ahead and print the image below as the last page but ended up really disliking it as it did not look cohesive with the rest of the aesthetics of the zine. Also, it looked very distracting and has an unbalanced composition.

Hence, I went to reprint the whole zine after changing it to the below:

I felt like it looks cleaner and conveys the intention of the idea better, in my opinion.

Also, notice the text here, it is a continuation to the text in the cover page.

I did two print tests before printing the final one where I used Maple White (150gsm) and Coated Paper (135gsm).

Maple White: Matte paper – I didn’t like how the texture absorbed the ink too much to the point where my illustrations looked faded.

Coated Paper – I preferred this effect where it allowed most of the ink to remain on the surface of the paper and reflects the colour better. However, the paper wasn’t bright enough which was why I decided to go with Bright White as my final.

I ended up going with Bright White paper (135/150gsm). It added a slight tinge of red to my zine which added the creepy effect to my zine as well!

VIEW FOR FINAL ZINE

All in all, I felt like despite the many challenges (and frustration) I had creating this zine, I felt like I did try my best and am overall satisfied with how it turned out. As with any designs, there are always things you would like and definitely can improve on. I did not manage to communicate the gestalt theory completely, but I am glad I did attempt something out of my comfort zone.

I used the above, which are elements of gestalt to help generate ideas for my illustrations when I can.

Given more time, I would love to develop the architectural part of Toa Payoh and incorporate it more into the zine. However, I guess what I was going with for this zine is more so something that is open for interpretation. Same goes for the dialogues used to communicate storyline. It was supposed to be open for interpretation as well.

Comments during crit!

However, given the feedback during the crit session, I understood and totally agree that I could do better in the representation of toa payoh. Will think about it for Vol 2 of this zine! Hehe

Project 1: Image Making Through Type (Final Outcome)

1. Firefighter

Analog, Photography, Digital Manipulation

Final Outcome:

2. Hypnotist

Analog, Digital Manipulation

Slider

I created a slider and mounted it onto the A3 to allow people to slide the black bar across the design to see the animation.

View Animated Effect of Final Outcome Here

Presented in class as:

3.Fashion Designer

Analog

I presented this in a box which I feel, added to my design as I interpreted the box as a box for display. Therefore, adding it helped to relay my design better. It was also placed on a cork board to show how fashion designers usually pin up their inspirations and fabric type, etc whilst in the process of designing. The silver thumbtack just as an accent to that.

I also placed a silver sheet underneath it to bring out the type and I chose silver because it tied the design in together better.

I also attempted a white plastic sheet but felt like it was too striking and pushed the eye away from the design of my “collection” in type form.

Presented in class as:

4. Astronomer

Analog

I presented this final piece as is where the nails were being embedded into foam and mdf board that has been sprinkled with white & blue paint to create a galaxy effect. The nails formed the constellation of my name.

 

High Quality Photos Here

Project 1 – Image Making Through Type (Research and Process)

I’ve always been interested to explore deeper into the world of Typography. As a Design Art student, knowing the importance of typography and having an understanding of its use in your designs is crucial to produce a harmoniously synergised artwork.

Therefore, I was quite elated when I found out that our first project would allow us to dive into this aspect of design!

Before that, Mimi mentioned that we should attempt to create compositions with the influence of Cubism  from the #ispotalphabets in-class assignment.

Here’s my attempt:

Name used: Wiyah

My call-name within my family, extracted from my name, Alawiyah.

RESEARCH & PROCESS

As soon as I got to know about our project, I kickstarted it early via brainstorming on the different ideas of careers I would like to have.

In the very beginning, I approached the project in a more thematic-based way where I explore concepts of careers in a more surrealistic manner.

First Brainstorming Session:

Career:

My name is Wiyah and I’m a…

1. Flower – so I can always be appreciated & be seen as beautiful in the eyes of all

2. Brain – so that I can control my mind ands switch it on/off whenever I overthink or over-worry

3. Colour – so that I would be able to inject emotions into my dull life

4. Heart – so that I can control what I feel

5. X-ray – so that I can see through people that will only hurt me

After the first feedback from Mimi, I decided to change my vision to something more basic so that I could attempt analog experimentation. I thought too much before and that restricted my creativity. Hence, after watching the videos that Mimi had shared in class, it really sparked my interest to attempt to have analog elements in my project (which in turn led to most of my Project 1 being done in analog). I figured experimenting with different forms, visuals and materials might create more interesting and unpredictable outcomes.

Hence, I started off fresh and brainstormed for ideas once more.

Second Brainstorming Session:

After several rounds of elimination, I narrowed down my choices to these few:

Career:

My name is Wiyah and I’m a…

1. Makeup Artist

2. Photographer

3. Arabic Calligrapher

4. Firefighter

5. Hypnotist

6. Fashion Designer

7. Astronomer

I started off by watching several videos before attempting them on my own to get inspiration.

1. Career: Makeup Artist

Upon researching further, I found this link of makeup done with art:  https://www.buzzfeed.com/alannaokun/incredible-paintings-made-out-of-makeup

I attempted to play around with makeup, mindlessly,  just to see how it works in terms of texture, colour, harmony of texture and the different forms of makeup .

(1st box, LEFT): Done with lipstick and eyeshadows.

(2nd box, RIGHT): Done with mascara

(3rd box, LEFT): Done with lipstick, eyeliner and pencil.

(4th box, RIGHT and BOTTOM): Done with lipstick and eyeshadow, brush, colour pencils. In this particular one, I imitated the font of Southern Jannie.

Upon further development, I had the idea to use an eyelash curler to manipulate the font shown in the photo above. The text was written with eyeliner.

After exploration with makeup, I figured that I wasn’t too keen on the idea of it and moved on to explore the other careers.

2. Career: Photographer

I had the idea of it being in the red room where items would be arranged to simulate the red room, then photographed and manipulated digitally to add red light effect, etc. I toyed with the positioning through sketch to generate a sense of composition. However, after thinking further, again, I wasn’t too keen on the idea and moved on.

________________________________________________________

3. Career: Arabic Calligrapher

 

I toyed around with the idea of the calligraphy being in origami, wire or paper mache but soon realised that this does not really portray the fluidity of the lines created by calligraphers.

Hence, I attempted to write the arabic letters using a customised digital calligraphic brush in Illustrator.  I tried to rearrange the composition of the letters to create more interesting shapes.

I then applied the influence of these arabic letters to the “English” version of my name.  I also added the shapes used in the Arabic calligraphy art such as the flower and the circle made of words.

I had the intention of doing all these on water colour paper with watercolour paint. For some reason, there were a lot of modern calligraphy art that are done on watercolour background which influenced my decisions.

Playing around with colour pencil that can be converted to watercolour with cut out of text

Unfortunately, I didn’t stick by this idea due to development of other ideas in other careers.

4. Career: Firefighter [Confirmed Image]

PICTURES OF SKETCHES FROM BOOK

Started out with sketches on how I wanted my image to be. For this particular career, I had my vision set out for it to be done via photography and digital manipulation.

Inspiration Photos:

  

But the above photos were not suited to my career and does not much visual association related to my career and therefore would not create a universal understanding of the visual representations of the career.

Therefore, upon further research, I found the photo below which resulted to being my main inspiration.

I envisioned 3D block letters in Sans Serif with no decorative features, to be physically burnt and being put out by fire, against a black background.

I did not want any decorative font because it would be too distracting and would not complement my idea very well. With Sans Serif fonts, it would look clean and minimal which suited what I was going for.

Therefore, I started off by making templates for these 3D block letters of my name with Illustrator.

Reference: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fFhd5g87R2Y&t=65s

With regular copier paper, I attempted to fold and glue the 3D block letters into place.  I attempted this twice (due to a mistake I made in templates for more complicated letters) before moving on to a thicker art card to achieve a more solid built that would photograph better.

Paper used:

Template I came up with for 3D letters:

Since the Career is Firefighter, it is clear that the first thing that comes to mind would  most likely be Fire and Water.  This sparked the idea of having it done in an analog manner where I would burn the letters and have it be put out by water.

CLICK TO SEE VIDEO OF PROCESS

The challenge I had during this process was lighting the block letters. Turns out that the paper I used was too thick and had a glossy, metallic effect that hindered it from being lighted easily.

Another challenge was that when I had my dad pour water over the letters so that I could take the shots, the letters kept toppling over due to the pressure of water. Also, the water was not really captured in the shots.

I decided that this had to be heavily manipulated digitally to achieve the effect that I want. Therefore, I first had to remove the the background (leaving the raised platform) to achieve the dark effect that I envisioned using Quick Selection Tool in Photoshop. I then filled the empty space with black with the Paintbrush Tool. 

 Afterwards, I decided to photoshop flames and burnt areas from other shots into my chosen shots so that every letter would be on fire to create a more dramatic effect. I also added reflections of the flame on the raised platforms.

The next step was to add the water that would put out the fire. From the photo attempts above, it was almost impossible to isolate the water from the background and it wasn’t very obvious either. Hence, I had to add it digitally.

It was difficult finding the misty water that I was looking for hence, it required several attempts. I blended the mist I found to the photo using Screen in Photoshop. I also had to photoshop the flames in the middle (Y & A) to have flames that looked more swayed to make it more realistic due to the pressure of the water that I added in the middle. The water effect added  was intentionally misty as I attempted something normal water effect but it looked more like rain (as seen below), which didn’t portray what I was going for.

The final outcome was also edited further in Lightroom to increase contrast, lower brightness and increase sharpness.

Mists/Water References:

1

2

3

4. 

5. Hypnotist [Confirmed Image]

I’ve always found hypnosis intriguing and therefore the career choice. With this, my vision went straight to illusion-related images with lines and distortion.

Influences:

I then explored the idea of having a raised text with lines with Typography and whilst researching, I found a video that shows exactly that. The problem with this is that it required an older version of software.

 

I researched further and found a video on Youtube that created Animated Optical Illusions:

It was extremely interesting and I wanted to attempt it. It was quite complicated to understand how it worked so I had to cross-refer to many videos.

Once I saw this, it was apparent that this was the perfect optical illusion that I could use to apply it to the typography for hypnosis. It was very trippy and requires extreme focus to make out what the image is when you slide the black bars across the text.

According to Wikipedia, the definition of Hypnosis is as follows:

Hypnosis is a state of human consciousness involving focused attention, reduced peripheral awareness, and an enhanced capacity to respond to suggestion. The term may also refer to an art, skill, or act of inducing hypnosis.[1]

Therefore, I felt that this was apt for my Career Choice of Hypnotist as I am mimicking the effect of hypnosis for the audience.

Main Video Reference:

 

I used Sans Serif font so as to not distract from the message of the text too much. I used Upper Case and Lower Case for my First attempt then changed to Lower Case completely as I felt like it complemented my design better. The font I used was also more rounded in nature which suited the design rather then angular fonts.

First Attempt:

I used Colours instead of Positions (like video) to create the animation on paper.

It looked very stagnant and did not portray the image I had in my head.

Click to see GIF

Second Attempt: Becomes my final outcome

For this, I decided to distort the text and make it wavy using the Warp Tool. This is another visual association I added to the hypnosis effect. When you think of hypnosis, it’s all about illusion and all things trippy and spinning. Hence, the wavy texted added to that effect and created more movement in the animated illusion text that I created.

Video Reference:

Third Attempt:

I distorted the image further by adding another row of the text below the already distorted image. However, it looked rather complicated and illegible which defeated the purpose of this Project. Mimi’s feedback on it confirmed my thought exactly. Hence, I went with the second attempt instead as my Final Outcome.

Click to see GIF

I printed the black bars on transparent paper. This is the crucial part of making it an animated image.

6. Fashion Designer [Confirmed Image]

I’ve always enjoyed looking at clothes and finding clothes as they’re a form of identity for me. Ever since I was a child, this was a form of my creativity since I was a very quiet child. I also enjoyed how different vibes of clothes allowed me to embody different personas.

When I was researching for this, I saw a lot of pictures online that served as inspiration for me. Initially, I wanted to attempt analog methods for this.

However, after considerations, I realised that it would take a lot of hours into me learning new skills of sewing and embroidering to be adapted into my typography designs. It required a lot of time to research for the methods too.

Therefore, I resulted to digital methods using manipulation of images.

I used Argo, a Serif typeface. This is a decorative font and I was inspired by editorial layout designs like such. I also went with all lower-case typeface as it made the piece look more united.

Upon attempting a digital approach, I realised that it didn’t really tie in to my whole concept of literal experimentation of typography.

Hence, I decided to go ahead with my original idea of doing it by hand. I used fabric, thread and beads. I retain the idea of using the same Argo typeface.

Through research,  I was drawn to this String Art..

but I was already going to do String Art for another one of my idea. Hence, I wanted to explore other methods. Also, I felt like it would not have created as strong a visual association to the career of fashion designer.

Other inspirations:

 

Hence, I decided on another method. I, first sketched out the idea on paper to have a rough creative direction.

As for the methods, I figured things out along the way through experimentation on a separate piece. I tested out patterns and silhouettes on there too.

Originally, I wanted to just sew on different fabrics onto the typeface using organza (with end product looking like the photo below…

Fabric Type by Tania Alvarez

..but I felt like it would not portray the idea well. I also wanted to attempt embroidery on the whole typeface but Mimi’s feedback said that it could easily look like my career was to be an embroidery artist.

Hence, I opted to combine the two ideas and creating interesting silhouettes of the typeface.

I wanted the whole composition to have a harmonious feel to it and for it to be viewed as a collection, resembling what is released in runways. Therefore, I made sure to use threads that are off the same theme of colour with a pop of pink. I played a lot with texture too through embroidery and fabric.

A reason why I chose Organza as my backing fabric is because I felt that organza had the feeling of elegance and is often associated with girly fashion as it is used to create tulle skirts.

LETTER ‘W’: 

I created daisies and attached them together with alternative colours as I felt that it looked more interesting with alternate colours rather than just one dull colour. It also helped tie in my “collection” together with the use of the neutral and the dark colours.

Reference Video:

Detail of my embroidery:

LETTER ‘I’

Inspiration:

I used fabric, ribbon and beads for this and created a silhoutte of a dress. I added embroidery knots along the dot above I in a neutral colour, again playing with the idea of a harmonious collection to ensure that it delivers the association to runway fashion designs. The silhouette resemble a model wearing my “piece”,  dot above the silhouette also resemble the head of  the model to emphasise the idea.

Detail:

LETTER ‘Y’

For this, I wanted it to be filled with interesting embroidery to insinuate a fabric type. I learnt am embroidery technique called, Braid Stitch or Cable Plait Stitch.

Reference Video:

I tested it on the separate piece of organza before attempting it on the final piece.

Details of my embroidery:

LETTER ‘A’

I decided to have a pop of pink colour to represent my personality and identity to my “collection” since I do love the pale-pink colour.

I cut out the fabric from my fuzzy socks to retrieve a furry fabric. This also added texture to my “collection” to make it more interesting and appealing to look at. I stitched the fabric to fill in the curved part of the A.

As for the stamp of the letter, I used linear stitching of fabric. To create a raised texture, I added more thread through the needle. This is to match the fuzzy fabric of the curved part of the letter.

Details:

LETTER ‘H’

Finally, I decided to add polka dots to the letter H with black thread, again using the idea of having a unified “collection”.

I drew circles, stitched around it and filled it in with thread. This was also teted beforehand on the separate piece of organza.

7. ASTRONOMER [Confirmed Image]

For this, I played around with the idea of constellations. I’ve always been drawn to stars and what’s beyond the Earth, galaxies, etc. I asked around and generally, people do agree that constellations do make them think of the galaxy.

In definition from Wikipedia,

An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth. They observe astronomical objects such as starsplanetsmoonscomets, and galaxies – in either observational (by analyzing the data) or theoretical astronomy.

Therefore, creating visual associations using constellations would infer the world of Astronomy.

Whilst researching, I already had an idea in mind where I wanted this to particularly be string art to project constellations.

Inspirations:

I started sketching different compositions as follows:

Upon consultation with Mimi, I decided on the 2nd sketch as it looked more interesting and customised in composition and type. For this image, I did not have any font references. I decided to have it all in upper case as they look more angular which served this purpose (string art) best.

References:

Links:

Link 1

Link 2

I practiced on felt board to see how my idea would’ve worked out. I used thumbtacks and realised it was far too big to execute my idea. Hence, I changed to regular screw pins.

I got an MDF Board and had to cut it down to size and file to create a smooth outline. After which, I painted it black. The reason is because the Galaxy is known to be very dark, almost black (as seen above).

13a7e7c5310e430cbcfef85953fab176

While waiting for it to dry, I cut down a foam board that I bought to act as base for the MDF board. Two A4 pieces were stacked on top of each other. This is to allow the nail to push through and not land on the other side of the board which create a neater finish.

After which,  I proceeded to mark the areas I wanted to hammer nails in. This was a challenge because the placements of the points were  purely instinctive.

I then coiled regular sewing thread around the points and this was coiled a couple of times to make it slightly thicker than I originally planned.

I wanted this to go minimal in design for this but this turned out to be way more plain that I had anticipated. Therefore, I decided to add specks of white and blue paint as the background to create depth. These mainly act as the millions of stars seen in galaxies.

I tested the use watercolour and flicks of the toothbrush on a black surface. When I was ready, I started doing it on the board. This helped to amplify the idea and imagery of galaxy which relates back to Astronomy., together with the constellation of my text.

CLICK HERE FOR FINAL OUTCOME