Creative Industry Report: Jamie Hewlett

Monkey: Journey To The West | Gorillaz Wiki | Fandom
Artwork from Monkey: Journey to the West

Born and raised in Horsham, Jamie Hewlett is an English illustrator, comic creator, animator, designer, and director that has remained an influential pop culture figure for the past two decades. With works hailed as a gamechanger in the British comic book and music industry, Hewlett has undoubtedly formed a characteristic visual identity accompanied with his “sly wit, mischief, and irreverence”.

TANK GIRL T03 (TANK GIRL (3)) (French Edition): MARTIN, Alan, HEWLETT, Jamie: 9782359100396: Amazon.com: Books
Covers of Tank Girl comic

Tank Girl & Booga By Jamie Hewlett | Tank girl comic, Tank girl, Character design

 

With an easily recognisable style, Hewlett’s works can often be identified by his “hollow-eyed” and “intricately dressed” characters’ contrasted against ‘hyper-detailed’ scenes. This particular style, although continuously expanding and developing, remains identifiable across various different mediums. These subtle developments can be observed in his growing body of work that encompass illustrations, comics, music projects, and animation.

Phase 1 | Gorillaz, Jamie hewlett, IlustraçõesFavourite gorillaz art style? Mine would be phase 2 or 3 : gorillaz

Backstory | Gorillaz Wiki | FandomGorillaz with the Song Machine | Phase 6 en 2020 | Gorillaz, Imagenes de gorillaz, Arte de gorillaz

Evolution of artwork for Gorillaz (2001 – Now)

Having experienced Hewlett’s works from a young age, his success in defining the visual identities of some of the world’s most famous characters in pop culture has always inspired me. Amongst his other works, it is his artistic contribution to the virtual band Gorillaz that is – to me – innovative, refreshing, and generally enjoyable. Today, Gorillaz remains an iconic figure in the pop music industry, selling millions of records and winning awards in both music and design worldwide.

Deutsche Telekom to stream the first Gorillaz show in 360-degrees | Deutsche Telekom

Gorillaz to release ALMANAC annual in October - The Key

Projections at live concerts

Once claiming that “each project you embark on deserves a different approach”, Hewlett’s constant change of the characters’ appearances as time passes, coupled with the experimentation of different mediums they feature in (e.g. projections, holograms, live motion capture, VR videos), is an approach I would like to adopt. Hewlett’s works in Gorillaz has allowed me to see that staying innovative not only provides a refreshing take on showcasing two-dimensional illustrations, but it opens the door to more interaction with your audiences. As technology advances, I hope to remain versatile in adapting to different mediums and being open to how else I could bring two-dimensional graphics and illustrations to life.

References

Belinky, B. (2017, November 12). Exploring the weird, wonderful worlds of Jamie Hewlett. Huck Magazine. Retrieved from https://www.huckmag.com/art-and-culture/art-2/jamie-hewlett/

Connelly, L. (2017, November 3). Jamie Hewlett’s first major monograph celebrates his work on Tank Girl, Gorillaz and more. Creative Boom. Retrieved from https://www.creativeboom.com/features/jamie-hewlett/

Lazinc. (n.d.). Jamie Hewlett biography. Retrieved from https://www.lazinc.com/artists/340-jamie-hewlett/biography/

Tucker, E. (n.d.). 10 Times visual mastermind Jamie Hewlett broke the mold. Everpress. Retrieved from https://everpress.com/blog/10-times-jamie-hewlett-broke-the-mold/

Supernatural: Entanglement | Moodboards

Concept 1: Symbiotic Relationships

The first concept involves conveying the idea of symbiotic relationships through illustrating two separate communities (one inhabited by humans and another by supernatural beings from famous Japanese folklore) living side-by-side.

Concept 1: Moodboard A
Concept 1: Moodboard B
Reference Artists
Key Elements & Intended Style

Some of the key elements or words I intend to use are:

  • Thin and detailed strokes
  • Grids and tiles
  • Isometric
  • Connectivity
  • Roman or Turkish baths
  • Animals
  • Water features

The intended style will be inspired by patterns used in Memphis designs, and will use faded contrasting colours with mostly cool tones accompanied by small bursts of strong pinks and reds.

 

Concept 2: Embracing Paradoxes

The second concept, inspired by the Taoist Tao Te Ching, shows the idea of embracing paradoxes to achieve happiness and enlightenment through the use of symbols in popular legends (the Roman god, Janus, in this case). The representation of these symbols will be given a modern twist.

Concept 2: Moodboard A
Concept 2: Moodboard B
Reference Artists
Key Elements & Style

Some of the key elements I intend to use are:

  • Central focus
  • Rays of light
  • Focus on fluid strokes
  • Elements that clearly distinguish the past and future
  • Elements that represent the Roman god, Janus

The intended style will either have an Asian influence (with thin strokes) or Western influence (more emphasis on texture and invisible outline). The colours will comprise of a cooler and darker colour palette with bursts of bright neon pinks, purples, greens, or blues.

 

Concept 3: Transcending into Afterlife

The third concept is inspired by the legend of the River Styx and its narrative will be used to show an idea of how information is transmitted from one space to another, maybe across dimensions. Similar to Concept 2, the symbols used will be given a modern twist.

Concept 3: Moodboard A
Concept 3: Moodboard B
Reference Artists
Key Elements & Style

Some of the key elements I intend to use are:

  • Fluid strokes
  • Rays of lights
  • Water ripples
  • Smoke
  • Repeated human limbs or features
  • Coins
  • Hands
  • Boats and oars

The intended style, with a heavy focus on the texture and nature of water, will be fluid, smokey and dreamy. To further invoke this ‘dreamy’ kind of visual, the colour palette will be contrasting with dark blues and greens against bright neon-like colours.

Supernatural: Entanglement | Research & Ideation

Quantum Theory

For this year’s banner project, we were assigned the theme ‘Quantum Theory’. To be honest, I was quite overwhelmed, and after watching the 54-minute documentary in class, I was much more confused and overwhelmed. However, I took to the Internet to find out more and to grasp whatever concepts I could!

So what exactly is Quantum Theory?

Quantum Theory: The theoretical basis of modern physics that explains the nature and behaviour of matter and energy on the atomic and subatomic level.

Quantum Physics / Quantum Mechanics: The nature and behaviour of matter and energy at that level is sometimes referred to as quantum physics and quantum mechanics.

The following post will provide, in detail, the concept of Quantum Theory and some of its more prominent implications.

Research

I. Quantum Mechanics
Max Planck
Image result for max planck
Image of Max Planck

The first assumptions of Quantum Theory derived from physicist Max Planck in 1900. He had sought to discover the reason that radiation from a glowing body changes in colour from red, to orange, and to blue as its temperature rises.

He found that by making the assumption that energy existed in individual units in the same way that matter does, rather than just as a constant electromagnetic wave – as had been formerly assumed – and was therefore quantifiable, he could find the answer to his question. Planck found that at certain discrete temperature levels, energy from a glowing body will occupy different areas of the colour spectrum. With that, this opened a world of new and fundamental understandings of the laws of nature.

The Copenhagen Interpretation

The Copenhagen Interpretation is one of the two major interpretations of quantum theory’s implications for the nature of reality.

Image result for niels bohr
Image of Niels Bohr

Niels Bohr proposed the Copenhagen Interpretation, which implies that a particle is whatever it is measured to be (for example, a wave or particle), but that it cannot be assumed to have specific properties, or even to exist, until it is measured.

Bohr: Objective reality does not exist.

In other words, it is only when we observe its state that a quantum particle is essentially forced to choose one probability, and that’s the state we observe. Since it may be forced into a different observable state each time, this explains why a quantum particle behaves erratically.

This extends to the Superposition Principle, which will be explained in detail further on.

The Many-Worlds Theory

The Many-Worlds Theory – or Multiverse Theory – holds that as soon as a potential exists for any object to be in any state, the universe of that object transmutes into a series of parallel universes equal to the number of possible states in which that the object can exist, with each universe containing a unique single possible state of that object.

There is also speculated to be a mechanism for interaction between these universes that somehow, permits all states to be accessible in some way and for all possible states to be affected in some manner.

Other interesting paradoxes that have been brought up in Quantum Theory are:

  • Teleportation
  • Remote detection of eavesdropping
  • ‘Spooky’ calculation
  • Interaction-free measurement
  • Life extension of particles
II. Superposition Principle

The Superposition Principle claims that while we do not know what the state of any object is, it is actually in all possible states simultaneously, as long as we don’t look to check, or when we observe an object, the superposition collapses and the object is forced into one of the states of its wave function.

Schodinger’s Cat

Image result for schrodinger's cat
Image of Schrodinger’s Cat

The Superposition Principle is often applied to the Schrodinger’s Cat experiment, where since the Schrodinger equation is linear, any linear combination of solutions will also be a solution.

‘Schrödinger wanted people to imagine that a cat, poison, a geiger counter, radioactive material, and a hammer were inside of a sealed container. The amount of radioactive material was minuscule enough that it only had a 50/50 shot of being detected over the course of an hour. If the geiger counter detected radiation, the hammer would smash the poison, killing the cat. Until someone opened the container and observed the system, it was impossible to predict if the cat’s outcome. Thus, until the system collapsed into one configuration, the cat would exist in some superposition zombie state of being both alive and dead.’

Of course, Schrödinger claimed, that was ridiculous. Quantum superposition could not work with large objects such as cats, because it is impossible for an organism to be simultaneously alive and dead. Thus, he reasoned that the Copenhagen Interpretation must be inherently flawed.

III. Particles & Waves

Quantum Theory often describes particles as waves, or in states that are starkly different from what we originally perceive them to be.

In a nutshell, in the field of Quantum Theory, particles are sometimes thought of as waves. They exist in different states, can be in different positions, possess different energies, and move at different speeds; they exist across all possible states at the same time. And as a result, they can be in 2 places at once.  However, once a measurement of a particle is made (e.g. its energy or position made known), Superposition is lost, and the particle is in one known state.

Double-Slit Experiment

Image result for double slit experiment
Image of the Double Slit Experiment

The Double-Slit Experiment is a demonstration that light and matter can display characteristics of both classically defined waves and particles – displaying the fundamentally probabilistic nature of quantum mechanical phenomena.

Conducted by Thomas Young in 1801, his experiment with light was based on the concept on wave-particle duality. He believed it demonstrated the wave theory of light was correct.

In the most basic level of this experiment, a coherent light source illuminates a plate pierced by two parallel slits, and the light passing through the slits is observed on a screen behind the plate – the wave nature of light causes the light waves passing through the two slits to interfere, producing bright and dark bands on the screen; as a result that would not be expected if light consisted of classical particles. However the light is always found to be absorbed at the screen at discrete points, as individual particles, not waves, the interference pattern appearing via the varying density of these particles hits on the screen.

Therefore, it demonstrates that particles do not form the interference pattern if one detects which slit they pass through. These results demonstrate the principle of wave-particle duality.

IV. Duality & Paradoxical Unity

Returning to the idea of paradoxes (as applied in Schrodinger’s Cat and in the nature of particles), Paradoxical Unity can be found in philosophies and religion, particularly in Taoism.

Tao Te Ching

Image result for tao te ching
Image of the Tao Te Ching

The Tao Te Ching (Daode Jing) is a Chinese classic text traditionally credited to the 6th-century BC sage Laozi. It, along with the Zhuangzi, is a fundamental text for both philosophical and religious Taoism. It is believed that the Tao Te Ching describes the universe and life existing in a ‘constantly fluctuating state of duality’, where ‘everything has an opposite, and neither opposite stays dominate forever’.

Due to some translation difficulties, many levels of subtext may have been lost on modern translators. Furthermore, many of the words used are deliberately vague and ambiguous.

However, there have been some suggestions on the Taoist secret of embracing paradoxes:

  • Lao Tzu’s wisdom goes deep to unravel the mysteries of the Tao or ’The Way’
  • Path that leads the sage within us to fulfilment, abundance, happiness, and an effortless life
  • Wisdom conveyed through paradoxes or seemingly paradoxical thinking
  • To transcend beyond the mind and allow insight about the true nature of things and ourselves 
  • The wise (or the sage) embraces the paradoxes / paradoxical nature of reality – by doing so, one goes beyond the trappings of the mind and the illusions of the ego
  • When we try to read and understand a paradox with our left-brain logical thinking and with our conventional understanding of how the world usually works, we end up at a loss
  • Fail to grasp the hidden, deeper meaning inside the paradoxical sentence – often meant to help us leap outside this logical and conventional thinking 
  • We live in a world in which we are programmed with a belief system that works with duality and judgement
  • First transcend beyond the apparent duality and embrace the paradoxical unity of everything
  • Duality: a mind construct, a default in our programme 
  • Act without effort and nurture things without needing to process them 
  • Seeing beyond the limits of apparent duality – allows us to flow with nature and rise beyond inner conflict 
Conclusion

After looking more into Quantum Theory and the whole idea of it online – and watching the 54-minute long documentary – I gained a better understanding of the concepts that surround Quantum Theory. Despite the research, I do still have a little difficulty in understanding some of the concepts and the theories behind prominent experiments, but I did manage to grasp some intriguing ideas from each of the interpretations brought up.

Personally, I was intrigued and inspired by:

  • The idea of energy existing in different units
  • The Multiverse Theory, where two particles existing in separate planes still have some sort of mechanism that exists between them affecting one another
  • The Superposition Principle, where all possibilities are first considered until we determine the specific characteristic of the matter, collapsing its Superposition
  • Particles being able to exist as all forms of matter at any given time or space
  • Embracing paradoxes in order to achieve enlightenment

With these ideas in mind, I was ready to look further into how I could turn them into visuals or stories fit for the final project.

Ideation

Keeping the theme of Quantum Theory in mind, I hoped to come up with some ideas that are inspired by and convey the interpretations of Quantum Mechanics. Using familiar imagery or urban legends and myths to represent particles, I hope that the final outcome would be able to construct a story that centres on simple Quantum Theory concepts and unravels interesting characters and relationships.

Concept 1: Particles As Symbiotic

Looking more into the Multiverse Theory where each universe contains a unique single possible state of a certain object, and how there is supposedly, a mechanism that exists and affects them, thereby establishing a system where the actions of one particle affects its counterpart in another universe. This theory reminded me of symbiotic relationships (involving interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association).

Symbiotic relationships can be observed in nature, like those that exist between sea anemones and hermit crabs, or African oxpeckers that feed on large African animals. With that in mind, I wanted to add a layer of storytelling with common motifs or imagery that are familiar to others; this is where I started looking into popular urban legends.

Japanese Folklore: Namazu
Image result for namazu
Image of the Namazu

In Japanese mythology, the Namazu or Onamazu is a giant catfish that causes earthquakes. He lives in the mud under the islands of Japan, and is guarded by the god Kashima who restrains the catfish with a stone. When Kashima lets his guard fall, Namazu thrashes about, causing violent earthquakes.

Japanese Folklore: Kappa
Image result for kappa folklore
Image of Kappa

A kappa is an amphibious Yōkai demon or imp found in traditional Japanese folklore. They are typically depicted as green, human-like beings with webbed hands and feet and a turtle-like carapace on their backs. A depression on its head, called its ‘dish’ retains water, and if this is damaged or its liquid is spilled, the kappa becomes severely weak.

They are known to favour cucumbers and engage in sumo wrestling. They are often accused of assaulting humans in water as well. However, they are not entirely antagonistic; once befriended, they perform any number of tasks for human beings. Sometimes they help farmers irrigate their lands, bring fresh fish, and teaching the art of bone setting.

My first idea therefore, involves blending our world with the fictional world and creating an ecosystem where our society is dependent on these urban legends and vice-versa, thereby establishing a symbiotic relationship.

Please refer to the link for moodboard: LINK 

Concept 2: Embracing Paradoxes

Centred on the idea of Paradoxical Unity, I was inspired by the Taoist philosophy and practice of embracing paradoxes, and how life is in a constant fluctuating state of duality, where everything has an opposite and nothing opposite stays dominate forever. It was also particularly interesting in how it described ways in which we should embrace paradoxes in order live a fulfilled and effortless life. Similar to the concept before, I looked into popular and mythical stories that surrounded the idea of paradoxes.

Roman god, Janus
Related image
Image of Janus

In ancient Roman religion and myth, Janus is the god of beginnings, gates, transitions, time, duality, doorways, passages, and endings. He is usually depicted as having two faces, since he looks to the future and to the past.

Janus presided over the beginning and ending of conflict, and hence war and peace. As a god of transitions, he had functions pertaining to birth and to journeys and exchange. He was also concerned with travelling, trading and shipping. Furthermore, Janus had a ubiquitous presence in religious ceremonies; he was ritually invoked at the beginning of each ceremony, regardless of the main deity honoured on any particular occasion.

The Aztec Earth Goddess
Image result for tlaltecuhtli
Image of Tlaltecuhtli

Tlaltecuhtli is dubbed the ‘Monstrous Aztec Goddess of the Earth’, she represents the surface of the earth but was said to be angry, and was thus, one of the first of the gods to demand the hearts and blood of humans for her unwilling sacrifice. She was also believed to devour the sun every night just to give it back every morning – however, the fear that this cycle could be interrupted (e.g. during eclipses) produced instability among the Aztec population and was often the cause of even more ritual human sacrifices.

According to Aztec mythology, Tlaltecuhtli destroyed everything the gods were creating at the origin of time (the ‘First Sun’). The gods turned themselves into giant serpents and wrapped their bodies around the goddess until they tore Tlaltecuhtli’s body into two pieces – one piece of the body became the earth, mountains, and rivers; her hair became trees and flowers; her eyes the caves and wells. The other piece became the vault of the sky.

Tlaltecuhtli is depicted in codices and stone monuments as a horrific monster, often in a squatting position and in the act of giving birth. She has several mouths over her body filled with sharp teeth, which were often spurting blood. Her elbows and knees are human skulls and in many images she is portrayed with a human being hanging between her legs. In some images she is portrayed as a caiman or alligator.

  • Open mouth: Passages to the underworld
  • A skirt of crossed bones and skulls with a great star sign border (symbol of her primordial sacrifice)
  • Depicted with large teeth, goggle-eyes, and a flint-knife tongue

My second idea therefore, involves using these legends that embody paradoxes and constructing a story around them, within the confines of a modern approach.

Concept 3: TRavelling between Dimensions

Lastly, inspired by the idea of the theoretical symbiotic relationships that exist between particles, where they are able to affect one another despite different positions and states, I wanted to illustrate the journey or the idea of information being transmitted across different planes.

The River Styx
Image result for river styx
Image of the River Styx

The River Styx separated the world of the living from the world of the dead. When your soul reached the River Styx, a boatman named Charon would give you a ride to the underworld – the ride is not free, if your family had not buried you with a coin, you were stuck. For those souls who received a ride in Charon’s boat or managed to swim across, there was little to do except wait to be reborn into a new body.

My third idea therefore, comprises of using the narrative of the River Styx to form a layout that shows the transmission of information from one plane to another, or showing how objects transcend into another dimension.

References

https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/quantum-theory

https://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/science-questions/quantum-suicide4.htm

https://www.iflscience.com/physics/schrödinger’s-cat-explained/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-slit_experiment

http://www.physics.org/article-questions.asp?id=124

3 Lessons In Duality And Paradox

The Taoist Secret Of Embracing Paradoxes Of Life

https://cosmosmagazine.com/social-sciences/symbiosis-when-living-together-win-win

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa_(folklore)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namazu_(Japanese_mythology)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janus#Myths

https://www.thoughtco.com/tlaltecuhtli-the-monstrous-aztec-goddess-169344

Research | Archetypes

What are Archetypes?

An archetype is defined as ‘a very typical example of a certain person or thing’, or ‘an original which has been imitated; a prototype’. However, in Jungian theory, prototypes are defined as ‘a primitive mental image inherited from the earliest human ancestors, and supposed to be present in the collective unconscious’.

Therefore, in literature, art, or mythology, archetypes are ‘a recurrent symbol or motif’.

Jungian Archetypes

Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung believed that archetypes were ‘models of people, behaviours, or personalities’, and that they were ‘inborn tendencies that play a role in influencing human behaviour’. To break it down further, according to Jung, the human psyche comprises of the ego, personal unconscious, and the collective unconscious, and it is within the collective unconscious that has psychological inheritance; ‘it [contains] all of the knowledge and experiences we share as a species’. ‘Jung believed that we inherit these archetypes much the way we inherit intransitive patterns of behaviour’.

The 12 fundamental archetypes we can consider for this project are: the caregiver, citizen/everyman, hero, innocent (ego), the creator, explorer, lover, rebel (soul), jester, magician, sage, and sovereign (self).

I. The caregiver

Those who identify with this archetype are full of empathy and compassion.

Goal: To help others
Fear: Being considered selfish
Weakness: Being exploited and feeling put upon
Talent: Compassion and generosity

II. The citizen/everyman

Represents those who are dependable, down-to-earth realists. Always searching for belonging in the world, and may join many groups and communities to find a place where they fit in.

Goal: To belong
Fear: To be left out or to stand out from the crowd
Weakness: Can be a little too cynical
Talent: Honest and open, pragmatic and realistic

III. The innocent

Sometimes criticised for being naive dreamers. However, their positive outlook and happy-go-lucky personalities can uplift others. Always tries to see the good in the world and looks for the silver lining in every situation.

Goal: To be happy
Fear: Being punished for doing something wrong
Weakness: Being too trusting of others
Talent: Faith and open-mindedness

IV. The creator

Born to bring something into being that does not exist yet. They hate to be passive consumers of anything, much preferring to make their own entertainment. Creators are often artists or musicians though they can be found in almost any area of work.

Goal: To create things of enduring value
Fear: Failing to create anything great
Weakness: Perfectionism and creative blocks caused by fear of not being exceptional
Talent: Creativity and imagination

V. The Lover

Seeks harmony in everything they do. They find it hard to deal with conflict and may find it difficult to stand up for their own ideas and beliefs in the face of more assertive types.

Goal: Being in a relationship with people, work, and environment they love
Fear: Feeling unwanted or unloved
Weakness: Desire to please others at risk of losing own identity
Talent: Passion, appreciation, and diplomacy

VI. The Rebel

When the rebel sees something in the world that isn’t working, they look to change it. Sometimes, rebels can abandon perfectly good traditions just because they have a desire for reform. They can be charismatic and easily encourage others to follow them in their pursuit of rebellion.

Goal: To overturn what isn’t working
Fear: To be powerless
Weakness: Taking their rebellion too far and becoming obsessed by it
Talent: Having big, outrageous ideas and inspiring others to join them

VII. The Jester

The jester loves to liven up a party with humour and tricks, however, they have deep souls. They want to make others happy and can often use humour to change people’s perceptions.

Goal: To lighten up the world and make others laugh
Fear: Being perceived as boring by others
Weakness: Frivolity, wasting time and hiding emotions beneath a humorous disguise
Talent: Seeing the funny side of everything and using humour for positive change

VIII. The Sovereign / ruler

Loves to be in control. They often have a clear vision of what will work in a given situation. They believe they know what is best for a group or community and can get frustrated if others don’t share their vision.

Goal: Create a prosperous, successful family or community
Fear: Chaos, being undermined or overthrown
Weakness: Being authoritarian, unable to delegate
Talent: Responsibility, leadership

Archetypes in Design & Branding

I. The caregiver

Such brands are aimed at taking care of their customers and help them to care about others. Consumers branding associates caregivers with comfort, coziness, emotional warmth, and flexibility. This is the most obvious brand archetype for medicine, charity organisations, insurance companies, and other brands that are targeted at both responsibility and safety.

e.g. Logo for Hope for Healing

II. The citizen/everyman

Offering them specific solutions to acute problems, promising to bring comfort to the hustle of their daily routine. Often regarded as ‘fair, simple’ brands’ for everybody.

e.g. EcoWash Systems

III. The creator

Visioneers, artists, such brands are soaked with aesthetic values and encourage customers creativity and artistic freedom. They stand for the diversity in design, coming up with unexpected solutions that strike, amaze, and surprise. They inspire their customers with bold decisions.

e.g. FireWood presenting their products in the shapes of logs, bringing the name and notion closer together

IV. The innocent

Brands that are sweet, cozy, and feel like home. This archetype plays with nostalgia, referring to your ‘inner kid’, friendship, and family relations.

e.g. Sunday (a real estate business), and Coca-Cola

V. The Lover

Makes customers feel very special. They lure with romance and promise adventures, surround their clients with beauty and luxury, and make everything possible for the client to feel exclusive.

e.g. L’Oreal and Mercedes

VI. The rebel

These brands break stereotypes and don’t want to follow the rules. They make the rules and establish the newest trends. By accelerating changes or stepping aside from existing visual patterns, they become leaders in their marketing niche to inspire others.

e.g. Apple

Vii. The Jester

These brands don’t want to be boring and follow the daily routine. Advertising campaigns become viral if they use irony or even sarcasm

e.g. Snacks, fizzy drinks and other junk food marketing schemes

VIII. The sovereign / ruler

Only true market leaders and brands with rich histories can appeal to this archetype. They conquer and reign. Noble, stable, of the highest quality, they can use posh taglines and reflect luxury.

e.g. Givenchy

References

What Are the 12 Archetypes and Which One Dominates Your Personality

https://www.verywellmind.com/what-are-jungs-4-major-archetypes-2795439

12 Archetypes Of Design And Branding

 

Project 3 | Archetypes

Grow Your Own Archetype!

For our final Typography project, we were given the liberty to experiment with typographical layouts through grids on any medium, digital or traditional. Experimentations through grids was conducted within the context of personality archetypes.

Final Product

Image of final product: Seed packet labels
I. Concept

For my final product, I thought it would be interesting to play with the idea of representing archetypes as products. Therefore, with the help of Prof. Lisa, I used seed packets (or boxes in this case) to represent the characteristics of each archetype. Each packet comprises of a front cover, which features the words ‘Grow Your Own Archetype’ in different styles and techniques, as well as a back cover, which shows the name of that particular archetype, a short description, and caring tips (elaborating on the description of the archetype but in a more light-hearted approach). The designs were then printed and stuck onto kraft boxes of different colours. 

Without the use of imagery, the different front covers of the packets comprise of a particular font (the font changes with each archetype to better portray characteristics of that particular archetype). The letters of ‘Grow Your Own Archetype’ then undergo changes through distortion, scaling, and other adjustments to emphasise the aspects of the archetype. As a means to convey the represented archetype in a more obvious manner, as well as having a more straightforward direction for the addition of colours, each seed packet/archetype represents a well-known art style that would be most appropriate to embody the assigned archetype – the colours, basic shapes, and textures therefore reflect the distinctive characteristics that derive from each style. 

II. Content
The Everyman
Everyman: Front
Everyman: Back

Font chosen: Metropolis

The first seed packet represents the Everyman. Drawing on the archetype’s distinctive characteristic as ordinary and a friend to everyone, as well as a go-to solution to all problems, the front cover uses the letters from ‘Archetype’ to emulate tools in a toolbox (emphasising the idea of tools as solutions to problems and something ordinary and often looked-over). The style on the other hand, tries to adopt elements from the Bauhaus movement. Seeing the Bauhaus movement as rather ordinary, simple, and functional, I thought it seemed appropriate to use it as a reference; the design uses Bauhaus colours of yellow, red, and blue (with variations in tones to create shadows) with letters arranged geometrically. The words ‘Grow Your Own’, on the other hand, use a thinner variation of the font and are kept in all capital letters to line the outline of the shapes, reflecting the dents in a toolbox.

As for the font chosen, based on Prof. Lisa’s advice, I went with the font Metropolis as it was a sans serif font that had a simple and basic structure. It also has different variations in weight and structure (regular, italicised, bold).

The Creator
Creator: Front
Creator: Back

Font chosen: Courier

The second seed packet represents the Creator. The design is meant to embody the visionary, creative, and intellectual aspect of the archetype; the letters from ‘archetype’ are spaced out in a scattered format, with a thin line connecting them forming a constellation-like pattern. Smaller forms of the word ‘archetype’ also serve as an addition to the constellation. Laid out against a lined paper background (notebook paper), the design was meant to convey the idea of sketches, equations, or some notes – some sort of indication of creating something new. The design style was meant to reflect minimalist aesthetics typically found in modern designs – using a single colour scheme, coupled with straight thin lines (both in the line graphics and outlined versions of the letters).

The font Courier reflected the idea of Creator as the serif structure made it seem like a typewriter font. Its sleek and simple physicality also added to the overall minimalist aesthetic the design was initially trying to achieve. 

The Lover 
Lover: Front
Lover: Back

Font chosen: Escafina

The third seed packet represents the Lover. The design in this case was meant to embody the romantic, sweet, and passionate aspects of the archetype. Keeping in mind the cursive nature of the font, the letters that form the word ‘archetype’ were constructed in a way that formed a faint human silhouette. As the font is reminiscent of 1950s American Kitsch, the layout was done in the style of a retro advertisement – with a graphic bounded by a box at the top, quotes, and a realistic but stylised look of graphics. This would all be on top of a beige-coloured background. In addition to the vintage texture in the background, the word ‘archetype’ is airbrushed to create the same stylised look in retro advertisement graphics. The words ‘Grow Your Own’ are featured on a red sticker to entice the viewer to buy the product, and blurbs (also typically found in retro advertisements) are also part of the layout. The colours were also meant to reflect the sweetness of the archetype, as well as colours typically associated with love (pink and red). 

As the Lover archetype is often associated with passion and love, something I perceive to be more organic as opposed to rigid or geometric. Therefore, using Escafina as the font allowed me to convey the archetype effectively because of its extremely cursive nature and accentuated curves and strokes. It also gave an overall more feminine look (which is typically portrayed in brands that adopt the Lover archetype). The font also helped me in experimenting with different art styles that use less geometric fonts.

The Jester
Jester: Front
Jester: Back

Font chosen: Rhyder

The fourth seed packet represents the Jester. The design here builds on the archetype’s distinctive qualities as humorous, fun, and often not following the daily routine; it features letters of the word ‘archetype’ laid out in an inconsistent manner, with some letters rotated or elongated, or even lying on its sides. The letter ‘E’ reinforces the idea of not following the daily routine by situating it at the top right-hand corner, away from the rest of the letters. The style that the design was meant to convey is Memphis – since Memphis draws on random patterns and integrates humour and fun patterns, it seemed appropriate to have the Jester embody that movement. To do so, the design uses a grid (sometimes seen in Memphis designs), against a bright purple, with the letters themselves painted with pale, bright colours. The ‘random patterns and shapes’, on the other hand, are formed using different letters laid out in a grid and integrated into the grid structure in the background.

The font used is Rhyder and embodies the idea of the Jester quite effectively. Its playful yet simple structure as seen in the big differences in height and the forms of some of the characters themselves, allow for the idea of the Jester being humorous but at the same time, remains simple enough to adjust aspects of the letter. 

The Rebel
Rebel: Front
Rebel: Back

Font chosen: Chunk Five

The fifth seed packet represents the Rebel. The design draws inspiration from the archetype’s need to go against authority, refusal to follow the rules and establish changes. Therefore, to convey the idea of rebelling and need to break the rules, I wanted the overall layout to show traces of vandalism. Using two variations of the font (one with a solid colour and the other with a rust-like texture), the words ‘Grow Your Own’ are laid out in the background, and the words ‘Archetype’ are plastered all over in a two formats – in a diagonal line above and below, and on pieces of paper taped over ‘Grow Your Own’. To reinforce this idea of rebellion further, the design takes after the 70s-80s grunge aesthetic; using torn paper textures, spray paint splatters, and the collage technique through plastering letters all over. The colours used (namely red and blue) were used to represent the idea of rebellion.

The font chosen is Chunk Five and a variation of it, Chunk Five Print. I felt that the boldness of the form, in its weight and structure, as well as the geometric edges, brought forth the idea of rigidity and strength, making it seem edgy and daring. 

The Sovereign
Sovereign: Front
Sovereign: Back

Font chosen: Exodus

The last seed packet represents the Sovereign. Keeping in mind the Sovereign’s distinctive qualities as being a leader and forward-looking, as well as brands that are often perceived as exclusive and prestigious, I thought it would be fitting to have the letters from ‘Archetype’ form some sort of tower. So playing with the scale of the letters, I constructed a tower, with the uppercase ‘A’ at the top to reinforce it further as a tower. Design-wise, the idea of exclusivity and prestigiousness seemed to take after the characteristics of the Art Deco movement. The letters are coloured in gold and airbrushed to have the glow reminiscent of Art Deco patterns, and thin lines were added to the background to mimic the geometric patterns. The patterns also comprise of the letter H with a diamond shape around it; repeating the motif and placing them in a similar layout as the word ‘Archetype’ seemed to represent the Art Deco idea quite effectively.

The font chosen is Exodus. The idea of exclusivity and prestigiousness can be seen in the font because of its serif, the thinner body against a longer serif, and its sleek geometric structure. The font, to me, is reminiscent of high-end fashion brands and magazine publications that use the same type of font (e.g. Vogue, Harper’s Bazaar and Calvin Klein).

III. Techniques Applied
Use of Grids
Application of grids

The front covers of the seed packets were based on a modular grid (6 X 6) while the back covers were based on a 2 and 3-column grid. However, based on the layout of certain covers, the grid was broken at times. 

Example of grid in InDesign
Contrast / Emphasis

I wanted to establish a visually-appealing front and back design through experimenting with methods of contrast. Contrast also helped in establishing visual hierarchy. Contrast is first seen in the use of scaling, where certain letters and words were bigger or smaller than the rest – it helped me in forming interesting structures (e.g. the tower in Sovereign), and added a layer of depth (e.g. the letters in Jester). Contrast can also be seen in the difference in colours, as well as in the layout of a more scattered and unpredictable format against the simple back covers which hold longer chunks of text. 

Imagery through Texture & Colour

As we were required to restrict our use of graphics with the sole use of letters, I felt that the addition of textures, colours, and basic shapes would help immensely in effectively conveying the concept. Therefore, the design of each archetype is accompanied by colours, textures, and shapes (basic shapes or shapes formed by the letters themselves) to reflect the art movement or style it was intended to mimic – the use of red, blue and yellow in Everyman, thin lines and strokes with notebook paper in Creator, airbrush effect in Lover, patterns and grids in Jester, the paint splatter and torn paper effect in Rebel, and golden glow in Sovereign.

Research & Process

I. Research
Research on Archetypes

Before starting on our designs, we had to conduct some research on archetypes. After looking more into the various designs, I decided to go with those that would be most appropriate for seed packets.

For a more detailed write-up on archetypes, please refer to: https://oss.adm.ntu.edu.sg/vwong005/research-archetypes/

Research on Art Styles

As mentioned previously, the design of each archetype was modelled after a specific art movement or style. Using information we learned from the History of Design module, I tried to couple each art movement with each archetype, keeping in mind certain characteristics that would allow me to reinforce the idea of each archetype. I paired each archetype and art style accordingly:

  • Everyman = Bauhaus / Championed geometric forms and worked on simple layouts and forms 
  • Creator = Minimalist / Sleek aesthetics, often regarded concept over output 
  • Lover = 1950s American kitsch or retro advertisements / Advertisements often gave off a longing or sometimes, sensual emotion 
  • Jester = Memphis / Emphasis on random and humorous patterns and colours
  • Rebel = 1970s-1980s Grunge / Collage technique, messy arrangements, heavy use of textures
  • Sovereign = Art Deco / Golden glow, geometric patterns and sleek strokes
II. Process
Conceptualisation

As we were given the freedom to choose any medium to showcase our final product on, conceptualising first began with coming up with creative and interesting ways to have the final layout on. As I was not as confident in digital platforms, I decided to stick with print media. 

Brainstorming: Mediums

Seeing the archetypes as personalities, I thought it would be fun to project these personalities onto objects instead. With Prof. Lisa’s help, I decided to go with having seed packets representing each archetype, with every packet coming with its own description and caring tips.

Selecting fonts
Font selection: Everyman
Font selection: Creator
Font selection: Lover
Font selection: Jester
Font selection: Rebel
Font selection: Sovereign

After settling the medium and researching more into archetypes, it was time to select fonts. Keeping a list of characteristics I thought the chosen font should feature in its corresponding archetype, I went online to look for and narrowed down a list of fonts to use for each type. The list was narrowed down further with the help of Prof. Lisa and opinions from friends. Ultimately, the end goal was to have the font effectively convey the archetype just by its structure. 

Draft: Back cover

Next was to come up with content for the back cover. As the archetypes were going to be reflected in the form of seed packets, it was only right to have their descriptions written in the style of caring tips. The text was as a result, a mash of the archetype descriptions and some gardening tips. 

Drafts: Layout

First drafts and conceptualisation

Then it was time to formulate layouts for the front and back covers. As I struggle a lot with the manipulation of type or arranging them in appealing formats, I thought it would be best to first see how I can rearrange the letters into patterns or objects that would reflect the corresponding archetype. 

This was then taken a step further, after experimenting with different layouts, I brainstormed further and saw how I could integrate the font choice into the layout, and saw how else I could use other graphics to play around with the layout. 

With advice from Prof. Lisa and friends, I then adjusted the layouts digitally and from there, continued to move things around or edit them until I was content. 

Drafts: Added Visuals
Mess on Illustrator

Next, I brainstormed further and saw how else I could add another layer of familiarity to the design of each archetype. The elements I considered adding when pairing each archetype with an art movement or style involved scale, the weight of strokes, colours, textures, and shapes.

Brainstorm: Added visuals
Colour drafts

Putting Together the Product

The final step was to put everything together. After compiling the designs to print on sticker paper, I got foldable boxes of various colours. The different colours were also meant to further emphasise each archetype (e.g. black for rebel, red for lover, and white for sovereign). The designs (both front and back labels) were then trimmed and stuck onto the boxes. For the presentation, I added a little biscuit inside so that it would make a sound when shaken, similar to an actual seed packet. 

Challenges & Feedback

  • One of the challenges I faced in the project was the use of a grid. The grid was quite restricting and I was not able to experiment with different layouts to fit more decorative fonts. The use of a grid for the Lover and Rebel archetypes was especially challenging as it went against the initial idea I had for both of them. 
  • Another challenge I faced was the sole use of type for the Lover archetype. As 1950s American Kitsch was my point my reference for both the layout and aesthetic, I tried to follow it as much as I could to make it obvious. However, as the advertisements were centred heavily around the use of images (e.g. women figures), it was difficult in using letters to fill up the space, especially with a font that was cursive, which made it tricky to manipulate. 
  • The overall feedback I received was the good font selection, where the fonts used for each archetype effectively conveyed the ideas of each specific archetype. However, I felt that I could have done better and more dynamic layouts with different grids.

Folds, Format, Form | Chosen Designers

Designers for Singapore Design Week

Tell Your Children, singapore
Image result for tell your children singapore
Work for Trashold Magazine

Tell Your Children (TYC) is a local creative studio that specialises in producing visual content through illustration and design. They have been proficient in working on mural projects, key visuals, and graphics for both local and international clients.

Ultimately, they seek to elevate and lead the creative community of Singapore and beyond. Through self-initiated events and projects led by the collective’s creative output, TYC and the community are able to form a creative eco-system that adds and gives back to one another.

Fictive Fingers, singapore
Image result for fictive fingers
Image of screenprinting by Fictive Fingers

Fictive Fingers is a sister textile design duo that works primarily with natural fabrics (particularly linen). Drawing everything with pencil and paper, cutting and printing fabric manually, then piecing them together using traditional construction techniques, nothing works harder than their hands.

Image result for fictive fingers
Image of products

Focusing on quality, they create products while maintaining minimum waste and energy consumption – the restrained detail of their work puts emphasis back on making choices with the environment in mind.

Studio Dam, singapore
Image result for studio dam singapore
Chroma Light Series by Studio Dam

Studio Dam is a local multidisciplinary design studio whose creative works span from visual branding projects, to bespoke furnitures and spatial identities. Their distinct approach to product design projects is to work intuitively with their hands and directly with materials during the conceptualising phase.

Felix Mollinga
Work for Strandbeest Theo Jansen, Singapore (2018)

Felix Mollinga is a budding Dutch product designer who recently graduated Cum Laude from Design Academy Eindhoven, department Man & Activity in 2018. His personal design projects tend to be ethically, environmentally, or socially driven: designing physical products that solve problems for the (near) future.

His portfolio includes furniture, home accessories, personalised jewellery, and lighting.

playful pinball machine by felix mollinga visualizes the flow of personal data
Image of Databall_ (2018)

One of his projects include inventing a playful pinball machine that visualises the flow of personal data. Databall_ is a pinball machine that visualises the flow of personal data, covering all aspects of daily digital life, from a chat history, to photos, to online purchases.

Laila Snevele
Digital Seasoning

Laila Snevele is a food designer who explores how creativity could impact healthier future consumption choices. Curious about human behaviour and scientific images in neuroscience, she combines the knowledge with visually-exciting images. Passionate about the impact of colours and shapes, she makes people wonder and understand how our brains can be influences. Possibility for humans to understand these ideas in food – through taste, smell, touch, sound, and vision makes it such a diverse design process!

BIG X Artemide
Image of ‘conscious and entrepreneurial’ school in New York designed by BIG (2017)

The Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG) is a Copenhagen and New-York based firm that operates within the fields of architecture, urbanism, research and development. Its practice emerges out of a careful analysis of how contemporary life constantly evolves and changes.

BIG-bjarke-ingels-artemide-alphabet-of-light-milan-design-week-designboom-02
Image of alphabet lamps by BIG and Artemide for the 2016 Milan Design Week

Artemdie is an Italian lighting company founded in 1960 that specialises in the manufacture of pieces created by designers and architects.

Image of Gople (2018)

Following their previous partnership at the 2016 Milan Design Week, both firms created a new lighting design at the 2018 London Design Festival. Named Gople, the transparent pill-shaped lamp nourishes nature, enhancing plant life and human perception, as well as intertwining modern technologies with artisanal traditions.

 

References

bjarke ingels’ BIG and artemide gople lamp nourishes the growth of houseplants

https://www.designboom.com/tag/bjarke-ingels-group-big/

https://www.fictivefingers.com/about

https://felixmollinga.com/category/blog/

playful pinball machine by felix mollinga visualizes the flow of personal data

https://www.tycstudios.com/about

3D visualizations of taste give you the flavor of sweet, salty and sour just by looking at them

Project 3 | Folds, Format, Form

Final Product

As a follow-up to the previous project, for our final submission, we were required to conceptualise and create a brochure for 2019’s Singapore Design Week.

Image of final product
Image of final product: Front cover
Image of final product: Back cover
Image of final product: Inside pages
Concept

Keeping to ‘Experimenting with Creativity’, the theme reflected in the previous poster project, the brochure I created for this project adopts the imagery and concept from the poster but categorises and displays information in a way that is suitable for a brochure and integrates new information about the exhibition. 

The final product is an A5 size brochure that uses a gate fold, and becomes A4 in size when open. The content comprises of event details of Singapore Design Week and biographies of five exhibiting artists. The brochure also integrates graphics (some of which are adapted from the poster) that convey the idea of ‘Experimenting with Creativity’, where after experimenting with creativity, resulted in an explosion that formed Singapore Design Week and the exhibiting artists, reflecting the notion of Singapore Design Week championing creativity in the local and overseas design industry. 

Reinforcing the idea of experimenting, the graphics consist of science apparatus (test tubes, droppers, specimen jars) and an explosion of patterns. The use of a curtain as the background also carries forth the attempt to bring about a mysterious and magical mood that was also conveyed in the poster. The fold of the brochure, on the other hand, is a conventional gate fold. The fold helps to reinforce the idea of the exploding beaker where the front cover is still and adding the droplet into the beaker results in an explosion as seen on in the inside of the brochure, where it is much more colourful and shows movement through patterns and strokes.

Techniques Applied
I. Imagery

The use of graphics in this case really helped in bringing forth the narrative of the entire brochure. Coupled with the unveiling nature of the gate fold, the brochure was able to effectively convey the experimental and explosive parts of the intended narrative. To represent the idea of experimenting, I used images of science apparatus, and the changes in shapes of the patterns helped in conveying the idea of an explosion. 

II. Contrast

The brochure also uses contrast to emphasise important details and at the same time, create an overall balanced and harmonious layout. Contrast is seen firstly, in the variation of size; more crucial information such as the slogan, title, and event details are displayed in a bold font with a vibrant yellow. Less vital information such as the short blurb and artist biographies are displayed using a font with less weight and is smaller in size, but remains readable. Contrast is displayed through different colour palettes; the text and focal points of the graphics uses a bright yellow and pink that has an outer glow. This is contrasted against less important graphics that use a pale blue colour palette. 

III. Hierarchy

Hierarchy is also used to create a smooth visual flow. Having a more quiet graphic in the front followed by a more vibrant and explosive layout on the inside that is unveiled by the gatefold helps to establish the flow of information. Furthermore, having the text and graphics vary in size and colour in terms of brightness and vibrancy helps in guiding the eyes from more important information to less important ones. 

IV. Movement

Similar to that of the poster, movement is established through the use of patterns that are more compressed in the centre, closer to the beaker, followed by it being more spaced out towards the edges. The explosive pattern was further enhanced by lines that depict motion and little bits of splatters found on the table and apparatus. 

Research & Process

Research
Image of folding references to try out

Research into brochure production began with us looking more into the types of folds that brochures could use. I was personally intrigued by gate folds and variations of it, because I felt it was an interesting and versatile way of unveiling information, and is especially appropriate for my brochure.

Reference for brochure fold
Reference for brochure fold

I was inspired by these two folds especially because of their simple layout that allowed for a straightforward user experience, but also comprised of an interesting layout. The folds here allowed for a linear reveal of information, thereby creating visual interest. Especially with the gatefold, having minimal text and maximum graphic to entice the viewer to open allowed for an interesting method of revealing information. 

Reference for brochure fold

This is a more experimental fold I hope to try out as well. Going back to the idea of the slow reveal of information, I thought this was a very creative method of unveiling information and definitely creates visual interest. The inclusion of the die-cut and folds at the side which meet in the centre when flattened also seemed suitable for the curtain graphic I used in my poster. However, this may turn out rather flimsy and could deteriorate the ease in user experience. 

For a more in-depth look into chosen exhibiting artists, please refer to: https://oss.adm.ntu.edu.sg/vwong005/chosen-designers/

Process
I. Experimenting with Folds
Experimenting with folds: Experimental fold
Experimenting with folds: Experimental fold with die-cut
Experimenting with folds: Gatefold
Experimenting with folds: Trifold brochure

After looking into brochures, layouts, and folds, we tried some of our own. Keeping in mind the content we had to display, user experience (where it had to be easy for users to open and fold back), and display methods (where they could be stood up on display stands), I tried to use simple but creative folds that helped to create an interesting flow of information, and die-cuts to give a sneak peek into the inside of the brochure.

Ultimately, with Prof. Michael’s advice, I decided to do away with the die-cut and adopt a simple gate fold. This way, I could have better control of the layout of information and therefore, more control over the flow of information. By focusing more on the layout of the content itself as opposed to using a complicated fold, it allowed me to establish the same intended mood, but with a simpler and more straightforward user experience.

II. Creating Graphics
Image of graphic sketches
Image of graphic sketches

As we had to adopt the same concept and overall similar graphics from the previous poster project, I used the same colour palette but decided to replace most of the graphics. Instead of a glowing ball of yellow mass to represent creativity, I tried illustrating new images and patterns to better convey the idea of ‘experimenting’, ‘creativity’, and to portray an explosion. Therefore, I decided to have science apparatus to convey the literal meaning of experimenting. Also, having more than just a beaker gave the page more life and excitement, allowing for more platforms for movement, colour, and placement for information. 

I felt that having the science apparatus, and the transition of a flask with still liquid into a flask with bubbling and glowing liquid to represent the formation of creativity was a more straightforward and easy-to-understand graphic that managed to embody the overall theme of the exhibition. 

III. Organising Content
Image of draft: Front cover
Image of draft 4
Image of draft 3
Image of draft 2
Image of draft 1
Image of test print: Front page
Image of test print: inside pages

After settling the content to be placed in the brochure, what was left was putting them together to establish a flow of information. Already having the idea to keep the front and back simple and more mysterious, I tried to have a more dynamic layout on the inside to contrast against the front and better convey the ‘explosive’ graphics. However, it was not simple to work with long chunks of text, and their unequal placements, with the aim to keep the information easy to read and locate. It was also challenging in avoiding the fold lines to allow for easy readability. After playing around with the layout, from a more static composition, I moved the text blocks around and instead of having them all align with one another, I decided to place them in a manner similar to that of the patterns: compressed in the centre and more spaced out towards the edges, all in a radial layout instead of in vertical columns. This was a better method in helping to further enhance the concept and also gives a more dynamic, exciting, and contrasting composition to that in the front. 

Challenges & Feedback

  • One of the main challenges I faced in the project was finding a recognisable object to represent creativity, and experimenting with it. The use of science apparatus helped a little, especially when it comes to the idea of ‘experimenting’, but it could still pass Singapore Design Week off as something science-related or educational as opposed to celebrating creativity in the design industry. 
  • Another challenge I faced was the placement of the artist biographies. Working with blocks of text was not easy when it comes to experimenting with different and more dynamic placements that could reflect the explosive pattern. Furthermore, working with centralised graphics within the boundaries of a gate fold was also not easy. Therefore, the overall layout on the inside of the brochure, though legible, was not as effective in creating excitement through dynamic movement.