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Variety of Porcelain Excavated from Empress Place.
Celadon (Greenware), Dehua (Whiteware), and Blue-and-White Porcelain; 14th Century.

Excavated from Empress Place recently in April 2015, these artefacts have been dated around 14th century, bringing new insight into Singapore’s trade in the past. Under the once thriving port, archaeologists discovered around 400 kilograms worth of artefacts. These porcelains suggest that Singapore had its doors open to trade with China way back, and that perhaps there was a large amount of trade such that so many artefacts could be recovered.

Although these porcelains are mostly broken, there is a story behind each piece. Their existence makes us question about their worth to the people of that era. Porcelain is precious to us now, but was it back then? For these porcelain to be broken and thrown away suggests that perhaps these wares were easily replaceable? Are these shards perhaps the result of a careless trader who dropped his wares, or maybe they are shards that make up a well-used bowl for daily eating?

more to read:
http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/empress-place-dig-yields/1787534.html

week 2: african ivories

this is probably most people’s impression of africa.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qSElmEmEjb4

i thought it was cute. and admittedly, i would have never guessed that they were medicine students. (i’m sorry, i’ve been white-washed.)

unfortunately, african ivories do reinforce a negative image of africa. its origin is violent, taken from innocent animals. it is stained with blood that we can’t see… but it’s there. even if they try to wash the blood off, they can never wash away their sins. but that’s not important right now.

i was aware of ivory carvings since young, but they were mostly of western symbols. of beautiful western women with beautiful drapery. it never occurred to me that ivories could be of african culture. it was a new experience for me to see ivory sculptures with features that were not caucasian. at the same time, i was introduced to how the westerns commissioned ivories from the african craftsmen, and how these craftsmen were able to capture the western aesthetics and also inject the local african aesthetics into the commissions.

we were introduced to a more elegant side of africa… and i really hope that one day we can see africa in this way again.

and no more ivories. seriously.

and philippines destroying the seized ivories was a really bold move. but it worries me that it would increase the price of ivories in the blackmarket, since it doesn’t exactly deal with the demand side (economics theory suggests that when supply decreases, but demand does not, prices go up). especially considering that the demand for ivories (which is a luxury item) is price inelastic (meaning that demand would not change that much even if prices increase).

week 1: what is art? does colonialism exist today?

art is just another profession. no less, and no more amazing than say business, accountancy, or engineering. it’s not a very complex concept. it’s merely work.

i just happen to like my work a little more than people who happen to have their work in business, accountancy, or engineering.

does colonialism exist today?
according to Wikipedia,  “colonialism is the establishment, exploitation, maintenance, acquisition, and expansion of colony in one territory by a political power from another territory.” Collins English Dictionary defines colonialism as “the policy and practice of a power in extending control over weaker people or areas.” and the Merriam-Webster Dictionary offers four definitions, including “something characteristic of a colony” and “control by one power over a dependent area or people.”

colonialism still exists today. just, maybe not the way we imagine it. there are some countries listed as Non-Self-Governing Territories, but more interestingly, i want to discuss about neocolonialism.

Neocolonialism is the geopolitical practice of using capitalism, business globalization, and cultural imperialism to influence a country, instead of either direct military control (imperialism) or indirect political control (hegemony). one of the theories for neocolonialism is the dependency theory. it proposes that the global economic system comprises of wealthy countries at the center, and poor countries at the periphery. wealthy countries extract human and the natural resources of a peripheral (poor) country to flow to the economies of the wealthy countries at the center of the global economic system. the gist of the theory is that these peripheral countries provide natural resources, cheap labour, a destination for obsolete technology, and markets for developed nations, without which the latter could not have the standard of living they enjoy. and on the other hand, wealthy nations actively perpetuate a state of dependence by various means. This influence may be multifaceted, involving economics, media control, politics, banking and finance, education, culture, and sport. in other words, the poor countries are stuck in a perpetual loop of poverty.

A quick summary of the dependency theory here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JN6LlMY2ApQ

in some ways, it is as if these peripheral countries are still under control of the core wealthy countries. the peripheral countries may not be under direct control of the core countries, but they are still heavily reliant on their relationship, so much so that (it is suggested) the peripheral countries are unable to function (or maintain their current [already low] standard of living).