2D Project 2: Movie Quotes and Artist Research (╮’-‘)╮

Quotes selected for Project 2

Baskin-Robbins always finds out – Dale, Ant-Man, 2015

People once believed that when someone dies, a crow carries their soul to the land of the dead – Sarah, The Crow, 1994

I’ll see you on Mars, right after I eat the Milky Way – Kate, Alpha and Omega, 2010

Here’s another curse for you – may all your bacon burn – Calcifer, Howl’s Moving Castle, 2004

Art/Artist Research

This project is strongly related to dada – an art movement where the artists focuses on not creating and crafting aesthetically pleasing objects, but instead on making works that challenged controversies, social issues, and the purpose of art, amongst many other thing.

Dada artists generally use ready-made objects, and in this project, we are encouraged to use ready-made images available on the Internet as well, and to alter and distort them to fit our purpose – which is to send a message or to provoke certain thoughts and emotions.

One of the most popular examples of the use of ready-mades was Duchamp’s “Fountain” in 1917, which was just a urinal. It apparently was a reference to Baroque and Renaissance artists, and he was the first to use a ready-made.

I would like to just focus more on the aspect of ‘found object’ (‘objet trouvé’ in French), and more specifically – Robert Bradford’s trash art.

Rocking Horse by Robert Bradford

Pug One by Robert Bradford

I’m extremely intrigued by ‘chimera’ art that steals many different parts to form a wholesome piece of art that delivers a clear message and image.

Bradford’s work uses recycled and utilitarian materials, and he prefers materials with a history of weathering – which I find interesting. I find that his use of materials gives some texture and personality to the different parts of the art. It’s interesting to look at his choice of materials for the different parts of the toy – the hooves, the bones, grooves, muscles and more.

His most popular works, in my opinion, are probably the plastic and soft toy sculpture series. It tries to bring across a message about recycling, as well as consumerism waste (with the use of toy parts). Apparently, they are also monuments to uncredited artists who produced the toys used in the works. Other than that, he uses his art to explore psychotherapeutic concepts – art practiced for therapeutic purposes.

I feel that Bradford uses his art for an incredibly gentle, yet strong, purpose and I would probably like to explore art as a wholesome entity for this project with elements that would co-exist well as a body in terms of texture, variety and more.

Hopefully in doing so, my movie quote and purpose would come strongly through the quote and look aesthetically pleasing at the same time!

2D Presentation: Golden Ratio and Visual Hierarchy

2D Project 1: Final Strips (Fin) (´-ω-｀)

It’s been a really long few weeks but we’ve finally arrived at the last part of Project 1!

A shot of the final 18 pieces!

This post will talk about what went on behind each emotion too! (‘u’) But first – I want to thank this project for the wonderful experience! I feel like doing the 18 emotions have exposed me to alot of mediums and possibilities through personal research and talking with friends about their take on the emotions.

It was an extremely educational and enjoyable project, and while there were some hiccups and difficulties, I feel like I’ve gotten over them and came out stronger and with better clarity after this!

Some of the difficulties I faced and my takeaways:
Material Harmony: Pairing the wrong medium with the wrong canvas, for the wrong emotion: I tried gouache painting on thin balsa wood for Passion, but it didn’t spread well at all, and couldn’t recreate the original piece!

Material Choice: While working with ink, I found out that some of inks I own were not pure black at all. When they were mixed with white or diluted, they became purple or blues instead. I had to rework them or repaint when they became too much purple or blue. Lesson learnt – play and understand your materials more before directly applying them!

Selecting too many similar emotions: I realised halfway through, after the consultation, that I may have done in myself when I picked 9 emotions from Joy and 6 from Love – when I was supposed to pick 3 from 6 different categories. I quickly rectified that by reshuffling the emotions and finding emotions more suitable for the ones that were ill-fit, and it turned out for the better!

Variation: There was a limit on the school resources as well as the newsprint and A3 papers ran out. I had to eventually tap into my own materials and also buy some.

However, I’m still able to attain a reasonable level of variation in marks I made and maybe even more so since the school materials running out has pushed me to think more about using what is around me – such as reusing transparency films and gauze that I already had at home.

I felt like I’ve learnt to be more creative, and I’ll definitely explore more in my own time! I’ve learnt alot about materials during this project I never thought I’ll abuse (like gouache paints and transparency films), and to be more flexible with my emotions.

I didn’t want to work on many negative emotions when I first started as I felt like I wouldn’t relate to them as much as I would to the positive ones, and felt that I had restricted my play ground by alot just by thinking that.

As I worked and reworked more on the emotions, I started to feel that sometimes working on a variety of positive and negative emotions would turn out better – as the general look of all the 18 emotions together would have the positive emotions working together with the negative emotions to complement each other!

And not all emotions are completely negative – some are temporary, and some exists in duality to positive ones. I’ve learnt alot from my research and to keep my mind open as well!

And now I’ll elaborate more on the individual emotions and the thought that went behind them.

Passion

Definition: a strong feeling of enthusiasm or excitement for something or about doing something
Method/Medium: Black and white gouache, painted with wool on newsprint, then edited on Adobe Photoshop
Behind the piece: Doesn’t it look like people dancing in pairs from the top, captured in motion? I used black and white gouache for this, painted on with wool in a fanning motion! I have attempted to recreate this on wood as well, but it didn’t turn out so well as the gouache was not able to spread smoothly on wood, hence I’ve decided to take my line to Photoshop instead.

Tenderness

Definition: very loving and gentle; showing affection and love for someone or something
Method/Medium: Copic multiliner on 250GSM white paper
Behind the piece: I wanted to convey how tenderness would cradle something gently, and hence the fluid lines! I believe that tenderness is a healing and positive emotion, hence the white strips against the crosshatched background that could stand for wounds or scars!

Adoration

Definition: strong feelings of love or admiration
Method/Medium: Payne’s Gray watercolor paint on 300GSM watercolor paper, with white gouache (flecks)
Behind the piece: I feel that adoration is a huge, sweet emotion contained in a tiny, simple and pure form, and wanted to convey that through the use of painting a texture that resembles the sky or galaxy contained in bubbles!

Zest

Definition: great enthusiasm and energy
Method/Medium: Black marker, copic multiliners and diluted black gouache on 250GSM paper
Behind the piece: I feel that zest is a very firey and a very lively emotion (and after my research, it started feeling a little fruity as well). I wanted to convey that through imitating the tendrils of a fire and plants, but emphasizing on the life and bounce of the emotion as well!

Zeal

Definition: a strong feeling of interest and enthusiasm that makes someone very eager or determined to do something
Method/Medium: Pink watercolor concentrate, chinese ink and white gouache on newsprint, then edited on photoshop
Behind the piece: Almost similar to zest, zeal is a firey emotion to me as well. But instead of feeling like tendrils, I feel that zeal is passionate and there is an urge to leap forward – hence I selected the part of the mark where the Chinese ink is being thrown forwards and looks like it’s leaping forward to burn at something!

Optimism

Definition: a feeling or belief that good things will happen in the future; a feeling or belief that what you hope for will happen
Method/Medium: Payne’s Gray watercolor paint on 300GSM watercolor paper, with white gouache
Behind the piece: I feel that optimism shines best when there is contrast, thus I placed white gouache bubbles that stood out from the background dyed grey and black. I didn’t dye the background completely black as I believed that optimism was something you only realize during grey and difficult times, and it doesn’t have to be absolute depression or despair!

Delight

Definition: a strong feeling of happiness : great pleasure or satisfaction
Method/Medium: Payne’s Gray watercolor paint on 300GSM watercolor paper, with white gouache (flecks)
Behind the piece: I feel that delight are like fireworks! It’s a slow emotion that blooms happily and comes up to your cheeks and throat when you see something that you really like – and it’s child-like! This piece was done with stroking watercolor horizontally upwards – to represent the direction of the emotion, as well as to give an earthly, festive feel. After the verticle strokes, I decided to use black and white gouache to create ‘fireworks’ that looks like flowers as well. I took some inspiration from the Japanese word “花火” (Hanabi), which also means fire flowers!

Elation

Definition: great happiness and exhilaration
Method/Medium: Payne’s Gray watercolor paint on 300GSM watercolor paper, with white gouache
Behind the piece: I wanted to convey elation as an emotion that almost completely overshadows the negative and dark emotions – hence the struggle of the blacks and greys, against the percentage of white in the background and within the space of the bubbles.

Surprise

Definition: to strike or occur to with a sudden feeling of wonder or astonishment, as through unexpectedness
Method/Medium: Black and white gouache mixed with some glow-in-the-dark powder, painted and dabbed on 250GSM white paper
Behind the piece: I feel that surprise is a sudden interruption to the norm, but a pleasant one; like a warm and light bursting in your chest when you feel it!
This piece was based off on my previous draft of ‘Hope’ – where I realised halfway through while reworking on this, that it seemed more like a little spark, rather than light at the end of a tunnel. I also didn’t feel that Surprise had the aggressive properties of a spark, so I made the center powdery by dabbing white gouache instead, and mixing out some greys as well to try to convey a warm, blooming sensation!

Loathing

Definition: a feeling of intense dislike or disgust; hatred
Method/Medium: Black and white gouache and watercolor paints, pressed between transparency film
Behind the piece: I pressed gouache paint between two pieces of transparency for this one, and was surprised by how it turned out! Loathing to me is a swirling emotion that is unconscious in nature and yet could co-exist and achieve duality with something positive, sometimes maybe even melting into it – it’s when you feel an extreme hate for someone, but sometimes even believing that you are right – hence the progression of light thoughts into dark thoughts, but with a few bright emotions swirling in the darkness.

Hostility

Definition: deep-seated usually mutual ill will
Method/Medium: Black printing ink spread on a linoleum sheet with yarn patterns and tissue flecks, then pressed onto A3 white paper
Behind the piece: Hostility resembles the jaws of a predator, or the fierce nature, so I melded both into one image! Do you spot the owl? (‘u’)

Resentment

Definition: a feeling of anger or displeasure about someone or something unfair
Method/Medium: Black printing ink; remnants when an A3 white paper stuck onto ‘Hostility”s piece was torn from it and repurposed digitally.
Behind the piece: This piece was born when I tore a piece of white A3 paper that was stuck to Hostility. There were root-like patterns and I immediately thought of Resentment. I feel that Resentment is an unconscious emotion that creeps up to you and exists together with a light mind. It’s an unconscious dislike for something or someone, and it’s almost stifling, suffocating and gives you the goosebumps!

Heartache

Definition: emotional anguish or grief, typically caused by the loss or absence of someone loved
Method/Medium: White gouache and medical gauze on black texture paper
Behind the piece: I feel that Heartache is an extremely depressing emotion that is desperately looking to heal itself and restore itself to its original form, chasing after the shadow of what it was!

Abandonment

Definition: a feeling of utter loneliness and neglect
Method/Medium: Black and white gouache pressed between transparency film, with wool glued to the top
Behind the piece: Abandonment is the feeling of loneliness and stagnation, rendering one blind to all the other things happening out there, thus I used wool to hide, putting a barrier between the honest emotions and the viewer.

Gloom

Definition: a state of depression or despondency
Method/Medium: Chinese ink on newsprint, digitalized
Behind the piece: Gloom is drippy; the feeling when you just want to do nothing else but sink into the floor. I don’t feel that it’s quite like sadness, but like a feeling of unhappiness and unsatisfaction instead.

Trapped

Definition: unable to move or escape as a result of obstruction
Method/Medium: Copic multiliner on 250GSM paper
Behind the piece: I wanted to portray the feeling of being caged and trapped in the unknown, and to create a sense of confusion, nonsense and unrest.

Fright

Definition: a sudden intense feeling of fear
Method/Medium: Chinese ink on newsprint, digitalized
Behind the piece: I feel like fright is an extremely sudden emotion – going away almost as soon as it is experienced, but even when it goes away, it leaves a deep impression and traces of what just transpired

Perturbation

Definition: mental uneasiness
Method/Medium: Sea salt on Payne’s Gray watercolor paint and grey string on 300GSM watercolor paper, with white gouache
Behind the piece: I feel that Perturbation is the feeling of uneasiness, unrest and the feeling of being disturbed, and almost like sickness. I used sea salt to spread the paint – to try and make it look like a sickly emotion within the middle of each body, despite the outwardly alright disposition of the emotion.

2D Project 1: Extra ╮(︶▽︶)╭ (Part 4)

Between the last lesson on 13th, til 19th today, I had been reworking most of my strips – and even the emotions I have selected underwent massive changes. I’m going to have to edit my research on the emotions, but here’re the original list and the edited list!

Original List

1) Zest
2) Exhilaration (Removed)
3) Zeal
4) Adoration
5) Compassion (Removed)
6) Tenderness
7) Euphoria (Removed)
8) Elation
9) Delight
10) Hope (Removed)
11) Optimism
12) Eagerness (Removed)
13) Passion
14) Desire (Removed)
15) Infatuation (Removed)
16) Loathing
17) Hostility
18) Resentment

New List

1) Passion

2) Tenderness
3) Adoration

4) Zest

5) Zeal

6) Optimism

7) Delight

8) Elation

9) Surprise (NEW!)

10) Loathing
11) Hostility
12) Resentment
13) Heartache (NEW!)
14) Abandonment (NEW!)
15) Gloom (NEW!)
16) Trapped (NEW!)
17) Fright (NEW!)
18) Perturbation (NEW!)

I had previously selected 9 emotions from ‘Joy’ and 6 from ‘Love’, but after some careful thought while working on the final strips, I’ve decided to reshuffle the emotions into the 6 categories in the brief, and explore a little more!

Reworking ‘Adoration’

16th to 19th were busy days – reworking emotions onto a 257mm x 50mm strips, trying to recreate emotions on different canvases and failing a million times because certain paints just wouldn’t achieve the harmony I wanted – like wood and gouache for ‘Passion’.

Failed attempt to re-create Passion

The gouache paint wouldn’t spread smoothly on the wood and in turn making the strokes extremely dry and not great to work with. I’ve decided to stick to the original piece I had in the end – to scan it in and print it instead.Another thing I experimented with during this period of time was the backing. I managed to dig up some transparency films and tone papers, and used them for the following emotions: Compassion (Grey texture paper), Loathing (transparency film) and Abandonment (transparency film).

I felt like a scientist! (*v*)

Doing these strips traditionally gave me a huge sense of satisfaction since I’m weak to gimmicky stuff; I sure hope they’re working out well! (;u;)

Make-shift charts I made for my experiments!

Next are the 6 strips that have mostly retained their original form from the previous mark making sessions in the 2D studio – Hostility, Gloom (previously Desire), Resentment, Passion, Zeal and Eagerness (Fright).

For these 6 strips, I’d scanned a part of them, pieced them together, digitally edited them so that they’ll look like a proper strip and took them down for a little trip to Sunshine Plaza at Bugis!

On my way to Sunshine Plaza; it was so very hot on the way there. I’ll remember to bring an umbrella next time.

… After printing, it was time to cut all the strips! Hurrah! (;u;)!!!

And that was pretty much it! The strips will probably be ready for submission soon – and I’m a little sad because I really want to work with more mediums. Hope everyone’s really enjoying the process too! (=’u’=)

2D Project 1: Consultation! C=C=┌(;・ω・)┘ (Part 3)

We had a consultation earlier on Tuesday (13/9/16), and I finished up the last of the drafts for the lines then as well!

In the first half of the day, I quickly did up Elation and Delight since I couldn’t quite find something that fits nicely.

Elation (top) and Delight (bottom)

I tried to rework some lines as well into the actual submission format whilst waiting for my turn to consult, and here was my failed attempt at Tenderness – because lines that were too representative were a no-no.

Tenderness (Past Attempt)

…And in the later half, there was consultation and here were some of the personal notes, consultation remarks and takeaways:

1) Zest: was okay! May want to consider re-creating with black.
2) Exhilaration: was a tornado! Place it horizontally, and end the edges with solid, wet brush strokes, instead of dry brush strokes.
3) Hope: to be reduced to a single bubble so that it’s more symbolic and impactful!
4) Optimism: was alright, but the bubbles to be more solid white, less grey.
5) Eagerness: should be made of longer, bolder brush strokes in a single direction
6) Loathing: made of spherical swirls, and to represent boxed in hate. The way it rises and simmers should mean something! (Like hate bubbling to the top!)
7) Passion: was great!
8) Desire: was drippy; to recreate and have just the dripping parts in the strip.
9) Hostility: was great!
10) Resentment: was great! Are to represent tree/tree roots and the urge to strangle someone or something, or the sinking into flesh.
11) Adoration: made to look galactic and sweet!
12) Euphoria: to use paint to create feathers instead of using representative elements!
13) Tenderness: should not use flowers! Use dots and lines to represent flowers or the element instead!
14) Compassion: to do some sort of weaving with paper or fabric?
15) Zeal: is high energy and excitement, and was alright!
16) Elation: was great!
17) Delight: was great!
18) Infatuation: was great! But to be reworked in monochrome!

It was pretty chaotic since my stuff were on newsprints and all over the place, but I kind of managed! I also decided to take some photos for documentation here too – even of the marks that didn’t quite make it. Have an image bomb:

I received a 2-in-1 deal right here when I ripped these two papers apart. Now they’re Hostility and Resentment (‘-‘)

Made through throwing ink, dripping and scratching with ink respectively

Marks that didn’t make it!

Happy accidents!

And the initial drafts for some of the marks!

…And that pretty much sums up Tuesday’s consultation and progress! (;u;)

2D Project 1: Making more marks! (´ ꒳ ` ✿) (Part 2)

This week is the 2nd week of free-style mark making!

This time, I brought along some concentrated watercolors and a tube of white gouache paint in hopes of getting an interesting range of grays. I also brought a small sachet of wool.

In the first half of the session, I tried lino-cutting – a process where a design is cut onto a linoleum surface.

I’ve learnt alot about the tools used for lino-cutting!

Lino-cutting was an extremely valuable lesson as I’d learnt quite abit about the cutting tools, and how I should be handling and cutting the linoleum sheets. If I wasn’t wrong, I think Sheryl or Valerie gave me some precious tips on how to cut them. Thank you so much guys! (;u;)

However, the prints that came from lino-cutting weren’t quite to my liking as they were very rigid and time-consuming, so I decided to go back rolling things on some uncut linoleum sheets quickly enough. Maybe one day (not today), I’ll be able to do a little more venturing into the world of lino-cutting!

Following that, I returned to working with gouache, but worked some watercolor and wool into what I’ve experimented with last week.

The great thing about loose wool is that they’re versatile and can be poked into bigger chunks if I ever need to dip and paint with them! (‘u’)

In this set of lines, I’d used the wool for texture, to apply ink and to remove ink!

I’m pretty happy with how some of these turned out! I think I’ll be able to use some of these for the final strips! (‘u’)

This was another educational session as I got to compare the viscosity of watercolor concentrates, gouache, Chinese ink and printmaking inks. Since I’ll most likely be picking out quite a few lines to use for the final set of emo lines, it’ll definitely help to be able to control some of the aspects so that I can recreate the lines or improve on them for the final set!

2D Project 1: Emo Lines Research (´• ω •`)✿

Here’s the start of my research log for the project! (´• ω •`)

18 Selected Emotions

Zest: great enthusiasm and energy
I feel that: zest is lively, quick and clever, like brushstrokes with an unexpected curve or speed!

Zeal: a strong feeling of interest and enthusiasm that makes someone very eager or determined to do something
I feel that: zeal is a great burst of passionate energy with a specific direction.

Adoration: strong feelings of love or admiration
I feel that: adoration stands out as a cute, cuddly and sparkly feeling, but more than that, it is also vast and loving in the shadows.

Tenderness: very loving and gentle : showing affection and love for someone or something
I feel that: tenderness are like tendrils of affection and generosity that is extremely careful with touching.

Elation: great happiness and exhilaration
I feel that: elation is extremely child-like, joyous, bubbly and sparkly!

Delight: a strong feeling of happiness : great pleasure or satisfaction
I feel that: delight is a strong, but tame, calm and mature feeling of satisfaction and happiness.

Optimism: a feeling or belief that good things will happen in the future : a feeling or belief that what you hope for will happen
I feel that: optimism is a solid feeling and a contrast against other emotions; it’s almost like a series of reliable guideposts during hard times!

Passion: a strong feeling of enthusiasm or excitement for something or about doing something
I feel that: passion is an intense dance, bated breaths and spinning minds.

Loathing: a feeling of intense dislike or disgust; hatred
I feel that: loathing is a swell of disgust and hatred; it bubbles up to the surface occasionally, but is mostly kept to oneself and swimming in thoughts.

Hostility: deep-seated usually mutual ill will
I feel that: hostility is an angry, exposed hatred with the intention to hurt someone.

Resentment: a feeling of anger or displeasure about someone or something unfair
I feel that: resentment is an extremely personal and non-detectable emotion with creeping roots.

Surprise: to strike or occur to with a sudden feeling of wonder or astonishment, as through unexpectedness

Heartache: emotional anguish or grief, typically caused by the loss or absence of someone loved

Abandonment: a feeling of utter loneliness and neglect

Gloom: a state of depression or despondency

Fright: a sudden intense feeling of fear

Perturbation: mental uneasiness
I feel that: it’s like a bad feeling at the bottom of your tummy, and having black spots in your vision; a feeling of insecurity and sickness

Trapped: unable to move or escape as a result of obstruction

Discarded Emotions

Exhilaration: a feeling of great happiness and excitement

I feel that: exhilaration is a whirlwind of positive emotions!

Desire: to want or wish for (something) : to feel desire for (something)
I feel that: desire is a deep want, almost toxic and dripping.

Infatuation: an intense but short-lived passion or admiration for someone or something
I feel that: infatuation is a short-lived, positive obsession with a subject; it feels like a sweet, thick and blind emotion.

Hope: to want something to happen or be true and think that it could happen or be true
I feel that: hope is something small, distant and final, but shines bright deep down in the darkness and never goes out!

Euphoria: a feeling of great happiness and excitement
I feel that: euphoria feels like a flurry of feathers; like being up on a high place and only looking to go even higher.

Compassion: a feeling of wanting to help someone who is sick, hungry, in trouble, etc
I feel that: compassion is a single-minded, organized intention of wanting to do something for a subject in need

Eagerness: very excited and interested : feeling a strong and impatient desire to do something or for something
I feel that: eagerness is a bundle of excitement with a direction and goal – almost like like tightly wound muscles and a crouch, ready to pounce.

Artist Research

I’ve decided to learn more about the artist Cai Guo-Qiang because of his gunpowder drawings, but I’d taken an interest in his other works as well – such as his installation of 99 life-sized animal replicas.

A rough summary of Cai-Guo Qiang’s history – born in 1957 in Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, China. He lived in Japan in 1986 to 1995, and began to explore the properties of gunpowder in his art.

Cai Guo-Qiang works with contemporary social issues and Eastern philosophy in his art and projects, and aims to provoke the thoughts of viewers and to interact with them – to make them think about the culture, history and social issues around them.

Some of his other works include:
-Self-Portrait: A Subjugated Soul, 1985-1989
–Image drawing for “Penglai / Hōrai”, 2015
-Da Vincis do Povo, China Research (Du Wenda’s Flying Saucer D), March 2010

Some of the prizes that Cai-Guo Qiang won:
-Japan Cultural Design Prize (1995)
-Golden Lion at the 48th Venice Biennale (1999)
-7th Hiroshima Art Prize (2007)
-20th Fukuoka Asian Culture Prize (2009)

Definition of “monoprint”

Monoprinting is a form of printmaking that has images or lines that can only be made once, unlike most printmaking, where there are multiple originals. There are many techniques of monoprinting. Examples of standard printmaking techniques which can be used to make monoprints include lithography, woodcut, and etching.

By Robert Rauschenberg

By Harry Bertopia

Video References:
Plexiglass Mono Printing 101: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZ6vWh1mjn8
Single Leaf Mono Printing: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jKC4QSHbzBw

Definition of “mark making”

Mark making is a term used to describe the different lines, patterns, and textures we create in an artwork. It applies to any art material(s) we use on any surface(s), not only paint on canvas or pencil on paper. A dot made with a pencil, a line created with a pen, a swirl painted with a brush, these are all types of mark making.

Mark making can be loose and gestural, or structured and controlled such as hatching. Most artists work with a variety of marks in every painting, but there are some styles where you use just one, such as Pointillism.

Kryptonite by Mark Bradford

Video References:
Art Journal Mark Making: Throwing Ink: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e7txblHbglc
Mark Making Experiments – Natural Tools: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3LrZGoW6-iw

Definition of “automatic techniques”

In fine art, the term “automatism” most often refers to a technique of subconscious drawing in which the artist allows his unconscious mind to take control. Popularized during the 20th century by Surrealist artists, who sought to unleash the creative force of the unconscious in art, automatic drawing and painting was seen as the only way to escape from cultural, intellectual and historical constraints and unlock the basic creativity supposedly lodged deep within the artist’s personality.

Automatic Drawing. (1924).
Museum of Modern Art, New York.
By Andre Masson.

Automatic drawing (1927)
Dessin automatique
By Salvador Dali.

Video References:
Automatic Drawing: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q-SzEr_xibk
Automatic Drawing (WLC Art History): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__MohPEzNhY

…And that’s all for research!